tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79600349643313794382024-02-07T03:56:53.391-08:00PEJUANG SEJATIAssalamualaikum Wr.Wb
Selamat berkunjung di Blog PEJUANG SEJATIDaryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-60391524708693155262020-10-23T22:15:00.002-07:002020-10-23T23:14:43.485-07:00BUDI DAYA JAGUNG CEPAT DAN BUAH NYA MEMUASKAN<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBuL4kLw7qxusk_kdIVCwfc_kOdgVsJQK4sVgObgTnxrHr3RP5e-uwifnoKlPtRqOJtvxbSzvQlUe3OlHdLyw1ye0aEV2_ALhapGSpQEMhbTgOWB1EL3ShLq8K2JN0ptxc2y9ocMmmWeEj/s600/j.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBuL4kLw7qxusk_kdIVCwfc_kOdgVsJQK4sVgObgTnxrHr3RP5e-uwifnoKlPtRqOJtvxbSzvQlUe3OlHdLyw1ye0aEV2_ALhapGSpQEMhbTgOWB1EL3ShLq8K2JN0ptxc2y9ocMmmWeEj/w573-h196/j.png" width="573" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>assalamualaikum wr. wb</p><p>hai sobat pejuang sejati dalam kesempatan ini saya akan memberikan artikel tentang bagaimana budi daya jagung manis cepat dan buat jagungnya memuaskan.</p><p>sebelum kita melakuka penanaman jagung, kita harus mempersiapkan lahan terlebih dahulu kare faktor yg sangat penting untuk sebuat pertumbuhan yang bagus yaitu faktor lahan yang di olah dengan baik seperti di bajak atau di traktor.</p><p>dan selanjut nya kita harus memilih benih jagung yang berkualitas dan daya tumbuh mencapai 80% dan biasanya di toko-toko pertanian banyak menjualnya.</p><p>langka langka yang dilakukan: </p><p>1. pilihlah beni jagung yang berkualitas</p><p>2. saat proses penanaman jagung sebaiknya setelah benih di tanam kita tutup mengunakan kompos/pupuk kandang yang di campur mengunakan kapur.</p><p>3. setelah ditanam jangan lupa disiran dahuluh aggar pertumbuhan lebih maksimal</p><p>4. setelah jagung tumbuh sekitar 4-7 hari lakukan penyemprotan terhada bibit jaggung yang telah tumbuh agar hama seperti ulat pemakan daun mati dan lakukan penyulaman apabila ada bibit jagung yang tidak tumbuh, dan penyulaman ini sebaiknya dilakukan pada saat umur jagung masi kecil agar pertumbuhan nya seragam.</p><p>5. setelah jagung mencapai umur 10 hari tanam lakukan pemupukan yang pertama, dengan pupuk untuk batang.</p><p>6. dan sekitaran umuran 2 minggu lakukan pengecekan terhadap daun jagung apakah ada hama yang merusak jagung</p><p>7. setelah jagungnya mencapai ketinggian 20 cm lakuakan penimbunan terhadap jagung dan penyiangan terhadap rumput yang tumbuh di sekitar jagung agar tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan jagung.</p><p>8. setelah berumur sekita satu bulan lebih lakukan pemupukan yang ke dua yang di fungsikan untuk pembesaran batang.</p><p>9. dan setelah kembang jagung keluar jangan lupa untuk melakukan pemupukan yang ke 3 yang di fungsikan untuk buah atau pupuk buah.</p><p>10. janggan lupa untuk mengambil anak jagung supaya jagung yang bakal buah nya tetap besar dan tidak terganggu. dan apabila jagungnya kelur banyak lakukan pembuangan terhadap jaggung tersebut.</p><p>11. untuk menghindari penyakit seperti jamur sebaiknya daun jagung yang bagian bawah di buang saja.</p><p>12. penyemprotan perangsang suah dilakukan ter hadap jagung supayah buah jagung bertambah besar dan maksimal</p><p>demikian cara budidaya jagung yang sederhana dari saya selamat mencoba.</p>Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-53474009922336012272020-10-23T21:02:00.000-07:002020-10-23T21:02:40.524-07:00CHORDATA (AVES)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Filum chordata memiliki beberapa kelas yang hidup mendominasi
kingdom animalia, antara lain adalah kelas aves. Aves merupakan chordata yang
tubuhnya ditutupi oleh bulu. Bulu-bulu ini adalah modifikasi dari sisik yang
ditemukan pada reptilia. Selain bulu, morfologi tubuh yang mencolok pada aves
adalah alat gerak tubuh depannya berupa sayap yang berfungsi untuk terbang.
Sayap pada aves merupakan homolog dari kaki depan pada reptilia dan mamalia
yang tersusun atas radius, ulna, humerus, tarsus, dan metatarsus. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Burung masa kini telah berkembang
sedemikian rupa sehingga terspesialisasi untuk terbang jauh, dengan
perkecualian pada beberapa jenis yang primitif. Bulu-bulunya, terutama di
sayap, telah tumbuh semakin lebar, ringan, kuat dan bersusun rapat. Bulu-bulu ini
juga bersusun demikian rupa sehingga mampu menolak air, dan memelihara tubuh
burung tetap hangat di tengah udara dingin. Tulang belulangnya menjadi semakin
ringan karena adanya rongga-rongga udara di dalamnya, namun tetap kuat menopang
tubuh. Tulang dadanya tumbuh membesar dan memipih, sebagai tempat perlekatan
otot-otot terbang yang kuat. Gigi-giginya menghilang, digantikan oleh paruh
ringan dari zat tanduk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesemuanya itu menjadikan burung
menjadi lebih mudah dan lebih pandai terbang, dan mampu mengunjungi berbagai
macam habitat di muka bumi. Ratusan jenis burung dapat ditemukan di hutan-hutan
tropis, mereka menghuni hutan-hutan ini dari tepi pantai hingga ke
puncak-puncak pegunungan. Burung juga ditemukan di rawa-rawa, padang rumput,
pesisir pantai, tengah lautan, gua-gua batu, perkotaan, dan wilayah kutub.
Masing-masing jenis beradaptasi dengan lingkungan hidup dan makanan utamanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maka dikenal berbagai jenis burung
yang berbeda-beda warna dan bentuknya. Ada yang warnanya cerah cemerlang atau
hitam legam, yang hijau daun, coklat gelap atau burik untuk menyamar, dan
lain-lain. Ada yang memiliki paruh kuat untuk menyobek daging, mengerkah biji
buah yang keras, runcing untuk menombak ikan, pipih untuk menyaring lumpur,
lebar untuk menangkap serangga terbang, atau kecil panjang untuk mengisap
nektar. Ada yang memiliki cakar tajam untuk mencengkeram mangsa, cakar pemanjat
pohon, cakar penggali tanah dan serasah, cakar berselaput untuk berenang, cakar
kuat untuk berlari dan merobek perut musuhnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Burung berkembang biak dengan
bertelur. Telur burung mirip telur reptil, hanya cangkangnya lebih keras karena
berkapur. Beberapa jenis burung seperti burung maleo dan burung gosong,
menimbun telurnya di tanah pasir yang bercampur serasah, tanah pasir pantai
yang panas, atau di dekat sumber air panas. Alih-alih mengerami, burung-burung
ini membiarkan panas alami dari daun-daun membusuk, panas matahari, atau panas
bumi menetaskan telur-telur itu; persis seperti yang dilakukan kebanyakan
reptil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akan tetapi kebanyakan burung
membuat sarang, dan menetaskan telurnya dengan mengeraminya di sarangnya itu.
Sarang bisa dibuat secara sederhana dari tumpukan rumput, ranting, atau batu;
atau sekedar kaisan di tanah berpasir agar sedikit melekuk, sehingga telur yang
diletakkan tidak mudah terguling. Namun ada pula jenis-jenis burung yang
membuat sarangnya secara rumit dan indah, atau unik, seperti jenis-jenis manyar
alias tempua, rangkong, walet, dan namdur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Praktikum ini menggunakan aves dari ordo Columbiformes yaitu
Columba livia .Spesies tersebut diamati secara morfologi dan anatomi.
Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan untuk mengetahui bentuk paruh, kepala, ekor,
bulu, dan kaki. Selain itu, juga dilakukan pembedahan guna melakukan pengamatan
untuk mengetahui anatomi aves adapun bagian-bagian yang diamati yaitu sistem
digestori;mulai dari bagian cavum oris sampai saluran pembuanganya, bentuk
susunan otot pada paha,system urogenital;pada pengamatan ini hanya membedakan
organ vital jantan dan organ vital betina, dan sistem saraf.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rumusan
Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berangkat
dari latar belakang kami ambil rumusan masalahnya yaitu” bagaimana struktur
morfologi dan anatomi beserta fungsinya pada burung merpati</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tujuan
Praktikum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun
tujuan dari praktikum ini yaitu untuk mengetahui “bagaimana strukur morfologi
dan anatomi beserta fungsi-fungsi organ pada burung merpati”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.1 Aves<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kata
aves berasal dari bahasa latin yang dipakai sebagai nama kelas, sdang ornis
berasal dari bahasa Yunani, dipakai dalam “ornithology” memiliki arti ilmu yang
mempelajari burung-burung. Aves adalah hewan yang paling banyak dikenal orang
karena dapat dilihat dimana-mana, aktif pada siang hari dan unik dalam memiliki
bulu sebagai penutup tubuh. Aves juga mampu diternakkan sehingga dapat
meningkatkan peluang usaha bagi masyarakat.<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Kelas aves (burung) berevolusi
selama radiasi reptilia yang sangat hebat pada masa zaman mesozoikum. Telur
amniotik dan sisik pada kaki hanyalah dua diantara semua cirri khas reptilia
yang kita temukan pada burung. Akan tetapi burung modern tampak sangat berbeda
dari reptilia modern karena memiliki bulu dan perkakas terbang lainnya yang
khas.<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.2 ciri-ciri
Aves<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Burung berdarah panas dan berkembang biak melalui telur. Tubuhnya
tertutup bulu dan memiliki bermacam-macam adaptasi untuk terbang. Kedua tungkai
depannya telah berubah menjadi sayap<b>.</b></span><a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karakteristik :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tubuh
tertutup dengan bulu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dua
pasang anggota gerak, sepasang anterior umumnya mengalami modifikasi menjadi
sayap untuk terbang, sepasang posterior diadaptasikan untuk berjalan,
bertengger atau berenang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rangka
ringan, kuat osifikasi sempurna, beberapa tulang berfusi menimbulkan kekakuan,
mulut dengan paruh yang menonjol diselaputi zat tanduk, tidak bergigi pada
burung yang hdup sekarang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jantung
dengan empat ruang pompa, dua atrium,
dua ventrikel yang terpisah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Respirasi
dengan paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Duabelas
pasang saraf kranialis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Eksresi
dengan ginjal metanefros.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Suhu tubuh pada dasarnya konstan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fertilisasi interal.<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merpati<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merpati Karang (<i>Columba livia</i>)
adalah anggota dari familia </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">burung</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbidae</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merpati_Domestik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Merpati Domestik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Merpati Domestik</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah
spesies ini, dan merpati domestik yang bebas dianggap sebagai </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merpati_liar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Merpati liar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">merpati liar</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam pemakaian umum, burung ini
sering secara singkat dinggap seperti "merpati". Spesies ini juga
dikenal sebagai Dara Karang, yang merupakan nama resmi yang digunakan </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Ornithologists%27_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" title="British Ornithologists' Union (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">British Ornithologists' Union</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Ornithologists%27_Union" title="American Ornithologists' Union"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">American
Ornithologists' Union</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> hingga tahun 2004 ketika mereka mengubah
daftar resmi burung menjadi Merpati Karang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi ilmiah:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerajaan :
</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Animalia</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Filum : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Chordata</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Kelas : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Aves</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Ordo : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbiformes" title="Columbiformes"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbiformes</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Famili : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbidae</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Genus : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columba_%28genus%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Columba (genus) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columba</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Spesies : <i>C. livia<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></b></span></a></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Morfologi Burung <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 1: (</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.infovisual.info/02/053_en.html(28-12-011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.infovisual.info/02/053_en.html(28-12-011)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Tubuh burung
dibedakan atas caput(kepala), cervix(leher) yang biasanya panjang, truncus
(badan) dan cauda (ekor). Sepasang extremitas anterior merupakan ala (sayap)
yang terlipat seperti huruf Z pada tubuh
waktu tidak terbang. Extremitas posterior berupa kaki, otot daging paha kuat,
sedang bagian bawahnya bersisik dan bercakar. Mulut mempunyai rostum (paruh)
yang terbentuk oleh maxilla pada ruang atas dan mandibula pada ruang bawah.
Bagian dalam rostum dilapisi oleh lapisan yang disebut cera, sedang sebelah
luar dilapisi oleh pembungkus selaput zat tanduk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada atap paruh
atas terdapat lubang hidung (nares interna pada sebelah dalam dan nares externa
sebelah luar). Organon visus relatif besar dan terletak sebelah lateral pada
kepala dengan kelopak mata yang berbulu. Pada sudut medial terdapat membrana
nicitan yang dapat ditarik menutup mata. Di belakang dan di bawah tiap-tiap mata
terdapat lubang telinga yang tersembunyi di bawah bulu khusus. Di bawah ekor
terdapat anus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Struktur Bulu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulu adalah ciri khas kelas aves yang tidak dimiliki oleh
vertebrata lain. Hampir seluruh tubuh aves ditutupi oleh bulu, yang secara
filogenetik berasal dari epidermal tubuh, yang pada reptile serupa dengan
sisik. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Secara embriologis bulu aves bermula dari papil dermal yang selanjutnya mencuat
menutupi epidermis. Dasar bulu itu melekuk ke dalam pada tepinya sehingga
terbentuk folikulus yang merupakan lubang bulu pada kulit. Selaput epidermis
sebelah luar dari kuncup bulu menanduk dan membentuk bungkus yang halus, sedang
epidermis membentuk lapisan penyusun rusuk bulu.Sentral kuncup bulu mempunyai
bagian epidermis yang lunak dan mengandung pembuluh darah sebagai pembawa
zat-zat makanan dan proses pengeringan pada perkembangan selanjutnya (Jasin,
1984).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan susunan anatomis bulu dibagi menjadi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Filoplumae,
Bulu-bulu kecil mirip rambut tersebar di seluruh tubuh. Ujungnya bercabang-cabang
pendek dan halus. Jika diamati dengan seksama akan tampak terdiri dari shaft
yang ramping dan beberapa barbulae di puncak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumulae,
Berbentuk berbentuk hampir sama dengan filoplumae dengan perbedaan detail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumae,
Bulu yang sempurna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbulae,
Ujung dan sisi bawah tiap barbulae memiliki filamen kecil disebut barbicels
yang berfungsi membantu menahan barbula yang saling bersambungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Susunan plumae terdiri dari :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Shaft (tangkai), yaitu poros utama bulu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Calamus, yaitu tangkai pangkal bulu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Rachis, yaitu
lanjutan calamus yang merupakan sumbu bulu yang tidak berongga di dalamnya.
Rachis dipenuhi sumsum dan memiliki jaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Vexillum, yaitu bendera yang tersusun atas
barbae yang merupakan cabang-cabang lateral dari rachis. Lubang pada pangkal
calamus disebut umbilicus inferior, sedangkan lubang pada ujung calamus disebut
umbilicus superior. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulu burung
pada saat menetas disebut neossoptile, sedangkan setelah dewasa disebut
teleoptile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut letaknya, bulu aves dibedakan menjadi:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tectrices, bulu yang menutupi badan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rectrices, bulu yang berada pada pangkal ekor, vexilumnya
simetris dan berfungsi sebagai kemudi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Remiges, bulu pada sayap yang dibagi lagi menjadi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Remiges primarie yang melekatnya secara digital pada
digiti dan secara metacarpal pada metacarpalia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Remiges secundarien yang melekatnya secara cubital pada
radial ulna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Remiges tertier yang terletak paling dalam nampak sebagai
kelanjutan sekunder daerah siku.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Parapterum, bulu yang menutupi daerah bahu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ala spuria, bulu kecil yang menempel pada ibu jari (Jasin, 1984).<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Anatomi Burung Merpati<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem Digestori<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tractus
digestivus terdiri atas paruh, covum oris; yang di dalamnya terdapat lingua
kecil runcing yang dibungkus oleh lapisan zat tanduk. Sebagai lanjutannya
adalah pharynx yang pendek, kemudian œsophagus yang panjang dan beberapa burung
terjadi perluasan yang disebut crop, sebagai tempat penimbunan bahan makanan sementara
dan pelunakan. Dari crop masuk saluran yang sering disebut gizard.
Proventriculus menghasilkan cairan lambung (asam) sedangkan ventriculus
berdinding tebal berlapis jaringan epitel yang keras sebelah dalam yang
menghasilkan sekresi. Di dalam gizard sering terdapat batu kerikil yang
berfungsi membantu penggilingan makanan. Oleh karena itu beberapa jenis burung
sengaja menelan batu kerikil, sebagai pengganti tugas gigi yang tidak dimiliki
oleh burung. Dari lambung akan dilanjutkan oleh intestinum yang terbagi atas
bagian halus dan bagian akhir adalah rectum dan kemudian cloaca dan yang
terakhir adalah anus. Pada intestinum terdapat rumbai-rumbai sebagai cæcum yang
merupakan saluran buntu. Di sebelah dorsal cloaca terdapat suatu bursa fabricii
pada hewan yang masih muda. Fungsi yang sebenarnya belum diketahui, hanya yang
jelas penting untuk determinasi. Hepar sebagai salah satu kelenjar pencernaan
relatif besar, bewarna merah coklat dengan beberapa lobi. Pada beberapa aves
memiliki vesica fellea sebagai penampung billus. Pada burung merpati vesica
fellea tidak ada. Glandulæ pancreaticus biasanya memiliki tiga saluran yang
menyalurkan sekresinya ke intestinum. Sehubungan dengan makanan, terjadi
adaptasi paruh (Jasin, 1992).<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
Urogenital</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alat ekskresi
berupa ren yang relatif besar, bewarna merah coklat, tertutup oleh peritonium
(retroperitonial). Tiap-tiap ren terbagi atas 4 lobi. Dari dataran ren adalah
ventral keluar ureter yang sempit menuju ke cauda dan berakhir pada cloaca.
Daeah yang berasal dari arteri renalis akan disaring secara filtratis. Zat-zat
yang tidak berguna dalam darah terutama berupa ureum akan dibuang dalam proses
filtrasi ini (Jasin, 1992).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ginjal bertipe
metanefros berwarna coklat tua. Saluran ureter bermuara langsung pada kloaka
dan tidak ada kandung kemih. Ekskret semi solid (mengandung urat). Kelenjar
adrenal sepasang, pada pertukaran ventral ginjal. Sekret dari gonad mengatur
karakteristik seksual sekunder (bulu, jengger, dan gembel). Fertilisasi terjadi
di dalam. Ovarium hanya satu yang sebelah kiri. Sebelum telur dikeluarkan
mendapat penutup albumin dan cangkang dalam oviduk, maka inkubasi adalah 16-18
hari (Brotowidjoyo, 1989). Pada hewan jantan terdapat sepasang testis yang
bulat berwarna putih, melekat di sebelah anterior dari ren dengan suatu alat
penggantung. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Testis di sebelah kanan lebih kecil dari pada yang kiri. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dari masing-masing testis terjulur saluran vasa diferensia sejajar
dengan ureter yang berawal dari ren. Pada sebagian aves, memiliki vesicula
seminalis yang merupakan gelembung kecil bersifat kelenjar dan bagi tempat
menampung sementara sperma sebelum dituangkan melalui pupil yang terletak pada
kloaka. Pada hewan betina terdapat sepasang ovari, hanya yang dekskum mengalami
atrophis (mengecil dan tidak bekerja lagi). Dari ovari menjulur oviduct panjang
berkelok-kelok, berlubang pada bagian cronial dengan bentuk corong. Lubang
oviduct disebut ostium abdomanalis. Fertilisasi terjadi di dalam tubuh dengan
jalan mengadakan kopulasi (Jasin, 1992). Waktu copulatio, maka proctoduea dari
kedua jenis burung saling tempel kuat-kuat, sehingga sperma yang keluar pada
ejaculatio langsung masuk ke dalam proctodoeum yang betina, untuk kemudian
menuju oviduct. Organ reproduksi betina hanya terdiri dari satu ovarium sebelah
kiri. Tuba merupakan oviduct bagian rustral, terdapat kelenjar (Soewasono,
1989).<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">System Penrnapasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem
pernapasan pada hewan menyusui dan burung bekerja dengan cara yang sepenuhnya
berbeda, terutama karena burung membutuhkan oksigen dalam jumlah yang jauh
lebih besar dibandingkan yang dibutuhkan hewan menyusui. Sebagai contoh, burung
tertentu bisa memerlukan dua puluh kali jumlah oksigen yang dibutuhkan oleh
manusia. Karenanya, paru-paru hewan menyusui tidak dapat menyediakan oksigen
dalam jumlah yang dibutuhkan burung. Itulah mengapa paru-paru burung diciptakan
dengan rancangan yang jauh berbeda.<br />
Pada hewan menyusui, aliran udara adalah dua arah: udara melalui jaringan
saluran-saluran, dan berhenti di kantung-kantung udara yang kecil. Pertukaran
oksigen-karbon dioksida terjadi di sini. Udara yang sudah digunakan mengalir
dalam arah berlawanan meninggalkan paru-paru dan dilepaskan melalui
tenggorokan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebaliknya,
pada burung, aliran udara cuma satu arah. Udara baru datang pada ujung yang
satu, dan udara yang telah digunakan keluar melalui lubang lainnya. Hal ini
memberikan persediaan oksigen yang terus-menerus bagi burung, yang memenuhi
kebutuhannya akan tingkat energi yang tinggi. Michael Denton, seorang ahli
biokimia Australia serta kritikus Darwinisme yang terkenal menjelaskan paru-paru
unggas sebagai berikut: Dalam hal burung, bronkhus (cabang batang tenggorokan
yang menuju paru-paru) utama terbelah menjadi tabung-tabung yang sangat kecil
yang tersebar pada jaringan paru-paru. Bagian yang disebut parabronkhus ini
akhirnya bergabung kembali, membentuk sebuah sistem peredaran sesungguhnya
sehingga udara mengalir dalam satu arah melalui paru-paru. Meskipun
kantung-kantung udara juga terbentuk pada kelompok reptil tertentu, bentuk
paru-paru burung dan keseluruhan fungsi sistem pernapasannya sangat berbeda.
Tidak ada paru-paru pada jenis hewan bertulang belakang lain yang dikenal, yang
mendekati sistem pada unggas dalam hal apa pun. Bahkan, sistem ini mirip hingga
seluk-beluk khususnya pada semua burung. Aves bernafas dengan paru-paru yang
berhubungan dengan kantong udara (sakus pneumatikus) yang menyebar sampai ke
leher, perut dan sayap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kantong
udara terdapat pada : Pangkal leher (servikal)<br />
• Ruang dada bagian depan (toraks anterior)<br />
• Antar tulang selangka (korakoid)<br />
• Ruang dada bagian belakang (toraks posterior)<br />
• Rongga perut (saccus abdominalis)<br />
• Ketiak (saccus axillaris)<br />
Fungsi kantong udara :<br />
• Membantu pernafasan terutama saat terbang<br />
• Menyimpan cadangan udara (oksigen)<br />
• Memperbesar atau memperkecil berat jenis pada saat burung berenang<br />
• Mencegah hilangnya panas tubuh yang terlalu banyak<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Paru-Paru Khusus Pada Burung Burung mempunyai
bentuk tubuh yang jauh berbeda dengan binatang yang dianggap sebagai nenek
moyangnya, reptil. Paru-paru burung bekerja dengan cara yang sama sekali
berbeda dengan hewan menyusui. Hewan menyusui menghirup dan membuang udara
melalui batang tenggorokan yang sama. Namun pada burung, udara masuk dan keluar
melalui ujung yang berlawanan. "Rancangan" khusus semacam ini
diciptakan untuk memberikan volume udara yang diperlukan saat terbang. Evolusi
bentuk seperti ini dari reptil tidaklah mungkin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inspirasi
: udara kaya oksigen masuk ke paru-paru. Otot antara tulang rusuk (interkosta)
berkontraksi sehingga tulang rusuk bergerak ke luar dan tulang dada membesar.
Akibatnya teklanan udara dada menjadi kecil sehingga udara luar yang kaya
oksigen akan masuk. Udara yang masuk sebagian kecil menuju ke paru-paru dan
sebagian besar menuju ke kantong udara sebagai cadangan udara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekspirasi
: otot interkosta relaksasi sehingga tulang rusuk dan tulang dada ke posisi
semula. Akibatnya rongga dada mengecil dan tekanannya menjadi lebih besar dari
pada tekanan udara luar. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ini menyebabkan udara dari paru-paru
yang kaya karbondioksida ke luar.<br />
Aliran udara searah dalam paru-paru burung didukung oleh suatu sistem kantung
udara. Kantung-kantung ini mengumpulkan udara dan memompanya secara teratur ke
dalam paru-paru. Dengan cara ini, selalu ada udara segar dalam paru-paru.
Sistem pernafasan yang rumit seperti ini telah diciptakan untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan burung akan jumlah oksigen yang tinggi.<br />
Pernafasan burung saat terbang : Saat terbang pergerakan aktif dari rongga dada
tidak dapat dilakukan karena tulang dada dan tulang rusuk merupakan pangkal
perlekatan otot yang berfungsi untuk terbang. Saat mengepakan sayap (sayap
diangkat ke atas), kantong udara di antara tulang korakoid terjepit sehingga
udara kaya oksigen pada bagian itu masuk ke paru-paru.<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Sistem Saraf<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Enchephalon secara relatif lebih besar
dibandingkan reptilia. Dibagi atas tiga bagian yang pokok, yakni:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Prosencephalon
(bagian muka), terbagi atas:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Telencephalon
(bagian termuka).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dienchephalon
(bagian belakangnya).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mesencephalon
(bagian tengah).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rhombencephalon,
terbagi atas:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Metencephalon
(bagian atas)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Myencephalon
(bagian bawah).</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Jasin, 1992)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Indra perasa terdapat kuncup-kuncup perasa
pada lidah dan atap rongga mulut. Indra ini memungkinkan aves memilih
makanannya. Kemampuan memilih makanan ini dibantu oleh reseptor tekanan pada
paruh dan lidah. Organon visus relatid besar dan tajam dalam kemampuan
observasi. Indra pendengar berupa telinga yang terbagi atas tiga rongga yakni
rongga luar, tengah, dan dalam. Kelenjar endokrin terdiri atas: glandulae
pituitaria atau hypophysa sebagai ‘the master of glands’, terletak pada dasa
otak ujung infundibulum: Glandulae thvroidea yang terletak di bawah vena
jugularis dekat asal cabang arteri subclavia dan arteri carotis (Jasin, 1992).<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">3.1 Waktu dan
Tempat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> </span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Praktikum ini dilaksanakan pada hari selasa,27 Desember
2011, pukul 15 : 00. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Di laboratorium IAIN
RADEN FATAH Palembang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2 Alat dan Bahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Adapun
alat dan bahan yang digunakan pada praktikum ini yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cutter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gunting
bedah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nampan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kapas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alat-alat
tulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kloroform<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Burung
Merpati<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.3 Cara Kerja<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembiusan
burung merpati menggunakan kapas yang telah diberi kloroform, pengamatan bentuk
morfologi dan menggambar bagian-bagiannya,mengamati bentuk jenis-jenis bulunya
dan menggambarnya, pembedahan pertama pada bagian paha untuk melihat susunan
otot dan menggambarnya, selanjutnya pembedahan pada bagian badan untuk
mengamati system-sistem organya yaitu; pengamatan pada anatominya setelah
mengamati organ dan menggambarnya, pengamatan pada bagian cavum oris, system
digestorium, system urogenital, dan yang terakhir pengamatan pada bagian
otak(encephalon)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB IV <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.1 Hasil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dari pengamatan preparat, didapatkan hasil yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tabel 1 : morfologi <i>Columba livia<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 302.4pt;" valign="top" width="403">
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 338.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 338.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 302.4pt;" valign="top" width="403">
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" style="height: 396.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 305.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="morfologi" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 2 : Morfologi <i>Columba livia<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 338.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 22.7pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Caput<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rostrum(paruh)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares (lubang
hidung)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Organon
visusPorus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">acusticus
externus (lubang telinga luar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Truncus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sayap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Femur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Digiti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">j.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Flacula <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cauda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tabel 2 : Anatomi <i>Columba livia<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 244.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 279pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="bulu" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 3 : Bulu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 197.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumulae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Filoplume<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rachis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Vexillum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Calamus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umbilicus inferior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umbilicus superior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbulae distal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbulae proximal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbulae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Radioli <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 270.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 272.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="dada" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 4 : Musculus pectoralis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 138.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tendo musculus pectoralis mayor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus pectoralis major<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tendo musculus pectoralis minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus pectoralis minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Carina sterni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Scapula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Furcula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus belum terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 269.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 268.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="topographi" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 5 : Topographi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ingluvies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Intestinum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Trachea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pulmo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">14.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pancreas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 258.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 253.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="cavum oris" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 6 : Cavum oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 8.1pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Maxilla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 8.1pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">II.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mandibulla <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares anteriores<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Crista marginalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares postriores<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plica palatini<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fissura choana seundria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ostium tubae auditivae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pharynx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aditus laryngis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lingua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 302.4pt;" valign="top" width="403">
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 267pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 276.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="digestorium" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 7 : Sistem digestorium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ingluvies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pars descendena duodenum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pars ascendena duodenum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Intestinum tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pancreas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 237pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 274.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="urogenital" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 8 :Sistem urogenitale<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Infundibulum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lubang muara uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sisa oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lubang muara ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Glandula adrenalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 285.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 270.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="otak" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 9 : Encephalon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulbus olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemis paerium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lobus opticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Medula oblongata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.2 Pembahasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merpati (<i>Columba
livia)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kerajaan : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Animalia</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Filum : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Chordata</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Kelas : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Aves</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Ordo : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbiformes" title="Columbiformes"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbiformes</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Famili : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbidae</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Genus :
</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columba_%28genus%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Columba (genus) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columba</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Spesies : <i>C. livia<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Morfologi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cirri morfologi
yang diamati yaitu tubuh dibedakan menjadi tiga bagian: caput, truncus, dan
cauda, adapun bagian-bagiannya sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Caput<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada
bagian ini organ-organ yang terlihat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rostrum(paruh),
dibentuk oleh maxilla (rahang atas) dan mandibula (rahang bawah)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares
(lubang hidung)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cera,
suatu tonjolan kulit yang lemah pada basis rostrum bagian atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Organon
visus(alat penglihat)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Porus
acusticus externus (lubang telinga luar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Truncus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ditutupi
oleh bulu, pada bagian uropygium
terdapat bulu-bulu ekor. Bulu berfungsi melindungi kulit terhadap cuaca
yang kurang sesuai, berguna untuk terbang. Dilihat dari segi anatomi bulu
burung yang dapat kami amati yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terdiri dari bagian-bagian :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Calamus (quill), tangkai bulu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rachis (saft), lanjutan calamus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umbilicus inferior, lubang pada pangkal calamus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umbilicus superior, lubang pada bagian caudal calamus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 81.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Vexillum(vane), terbentuk oleh barbae;ialah suatu cabang kearah
lateral dari rachis.tiap barbae mempercabangkan banyak barbulae, menurut
arahnya dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu: barbae distal dan barbae proximal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumulae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terdapat pada burung yang masih
mudah, kadang-kadang juga terdapat pada burung yang sedang mengerami telurnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumulae terdiri atas:
calamus(pendek), rachis(agak mereduksi), barbae panjang(flexible), dan barbae
pendek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Filoplumae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tumbuh pada seluruh tubuh dengan
jarak yang sangat jarang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun struktur bulu yang terlihat
yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cauda
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cauda
tersusun dari bulu-bulu yang lebih panjang dibandingkan degan bulu pada
badannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Anatomi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bagian-bagian
tubuh bagian dalam yang diamati yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus
pectoralis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun susunan otot yang dapat
dilihat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tendo
musculus pectoralis major<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus
pectoralis major<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tendo
musculus pectoralis minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus
pectoralis minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Crania
sterni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Scapula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Furcula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus
belum dibuka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Topographi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada topographi, organ-organ yang
terlihat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ingluvies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Intestinum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Trachea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pulmo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">j.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">k.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">l.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">m.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">n.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pancreas
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rostrum
(paruh)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rostru (paruh) merupakan bagian dari
system pencernaan, adapun bagian-bagian pada rostrum yang dapat diamati yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Maxilla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares
anteriores<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Crista
marginalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares
posterior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plica
palatine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fissura choana seundria</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ostium
tubae auditivae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pharynx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mandibula
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aditus
laryngis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lingua
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
pencernaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun organ-organ pencernaan yang
dapat dilihat pada preparat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ingluvies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pars
descendens duodeni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pars
ascendens duodeni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Intestinum
tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">j.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">k.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pancreas
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alat
kelamin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun preparat yang kami gunakan
berjenis kelamin betina(♀), bagian organ-organ yang diamati yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Infundibulum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lubang
muara uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sisa
oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lubang
muara ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">k.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Glandula
adrenalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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(encephalon)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun bagian-bagian otak yang dapat
diamati dari bagian atas yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulbus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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cerebri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lobus
opticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Medulla
oblongata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jika dilihat dari pembahasan-pembahasa sebelumnya, kelas aves
merupakan kelas yang jauh lebih berkembang dibandingakan dengan kelas pisces, amphibia,
maupun reptilia, pada burung sudah memiliki bulu dan dapat terbang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Columba livia<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Morfologi; tubuh terbagi menjadi
tiga bagian yaitu: caput, truncus, dan cauda. Tubuh ditutupi oleh bulu-bulu
yang melindunginya dari cuaca yang tidak sesuai, selain itu digunakan untuk
terbang. Adapun anatominya yaitu: system pencernaan; esophagus, ingluvies,
proventriculus, ventriculus, pars descendens duodeni, pars ascendens duodeni,
intestinum tenue, coecum, rectum, hepar, pancreas , system urogenital, berjenis
kelamin betina dengan organ-ogannya; ovarium, infundibulum, oviduct, uterus, lubang
muara uterus, sisa oviduct, ren, ureter, lubang muara ureter, cloaca, dan glandula
adrenalis , system saraf terdiri dari; bulbus olfactorius, hemisphaerium
cerebri, lobus opticus, dan medulla oblongata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Campbel
Neil, B. Reece Jane, G. Mitchell Lawrence. 2003. <i>Biologi Edisi Kelima Jilid
II. </i>Jakarta: Erlangga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri.2007. <i>Zoologi
Vertebrata.</i> Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/60723738/aves(27122011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/60723738/aves(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://marinebiologi.blogspot.com/2010/04/laporan-praktikum-struktur-hewan-aves.html(27122011)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://marinebiologi.blogspot.com/2010/04/laporan-praktikum-struktur-hewan-aves.html(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://feronazulfikar.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum.html(27122011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://feronazulfikar.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum.html(27122011)</span></a></span></div>
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PRAKTIKUM PREPARAT IV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">FAKULTAS TARBIYAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI ( IAIN ) RADEN
FATAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PALEMBANG<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2011<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/60723738/aves(27122011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/60723738/aves(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Campbel Neil, B. Reece Jane, G. Mitchell Lawrence. <i>Biologi
Edisi Kelima Jilid II. </i>(Jakarta: Erlangga, 2003) hal.266<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
http://www.scribd.com/doc/48097220/Aves(28-12-2011) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri. <i>Zoologi Vertebrata.</i>
(Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI, 2007),hal.66<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merpati_karang(30-12-2011) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>Op.
Cit</i> http://www.scribd.com/doc/48097220/Aves(28-12-2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://feronazulfikar.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum.html(27122011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://feronazulfikar.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum.html(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <i>Op. Cit </i>http://marinebiologi.blogspot.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-69096647628735959422020-10-23T20:53:00.001-07:002020-10-23T20:57:58.619-07:00PEMPEK<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> RESEP PEMPEK ANDALAN DI RUMAH</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiorG8om0U5WfSWqirMrxRhCMQKDoV2UnhM7-RFGV69zahEyZKEs5WJvcyNGFWhsNc0q5JTEBe0Ron7bU6NfiwWw-sA59X6E7GddHUFTCeJ5XxBXPfHofjOGcGqBz_t3x7gxohGn5-lTo3/s261/PEMPE.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="261" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiorG8om0U5WfSWqirMrxRhCMQKDoV2UnhM7-RFGV69zahEyZKEs5WJvcyNGFWhsNc0q5JTEBe0Ron7bU6NfiwWw-sA59X6E7GddHUFTCeJ5XxBXPfHofjOGcGqBz_t3x7gxohGn5-lTo3/w315-h142/PEMPE.png" width="315" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">BAHAN PEMPEK:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">1) 1000 gram Ikan tamban/sardinella giling</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">2) 4 sdm garam</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">3) 2 sdm gula pasir/sesuai selera</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">4) 200 ml air dingin</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">5) 10 sdm minyak sayur (pelembut)</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">6) 1000 gram sagu (merk apapun ya)</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">BAHAN CUKA/KUAH</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">1) 20 Siung bawang putih</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">3) 10 butir cabe rawit(sesuai selera ya)</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">4) 250 gram gula merah</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">5) 500 ml air</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">6) Asam jawa sesuai selera</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">sedikit garam penyelaras rasa ya</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">tambahan mentimun taburan diatas kuah saat penyajian</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">CARA MEMBUAT</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">PEMPEK</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Langkah pertama campurkan semua bahan pempek kecuali sagu ya, setelah tercampur rata langkah selanjutnya masukkan sedikit-demi sedikit tepung sagunya (saat menguleni lakukan dengan pelan2). Langkah terakhir setelah adonan jadi langsung dibentuk dan direbus dengan air mendidih angkat pempek yang sudah matang (ciri pempek matang yaitu mengapung saat di rebus)</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">CUKA</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">haluskan cabai dan bawang putih, lalu campur semua bahan dan rebus sampai mendidih cek rasa.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">SARAN PENYAJIAN</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">pempek bisa langsung dimakan atau digoreng terlebih dahulu padukan dengan cuka dan tambahkan irisan mentimun di atasnya.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">SELAMAT MENCOBA👏👏</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-70695885058159299032013-11-09T06:56:00.001-08:002013-11-09T06:56:48.228-08:00Materi sistem perededaran darah<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="ES">Sistem transpor pada manusia dan hubungannya dengan kesehatan.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem peredaran darah adalah sistem yang
berfungsi untuk mengedarkan makanan dan O2 ke seluruh tubuh.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alat-alat peredaran
darah:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jantung<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
diri manusia terdapa bagian tubuh yang gunanya untuk memompa darah yaitu
jantung. Jantung itu letaknya terletak di rongga dada sebelah kiri. Jantung
tersusun dari otot jantung yang disebut miokardium, dan dindingnya dilapisi
oleh lapisan pembungkus jantung (pericardium). Ternyata Jantung dapa dibagi
menjadi 4 ruang, yaitu serambi kanan dan kiri serta bilik kanan dan kiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://antariyunie.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/jantung1.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape alt="http://antariyunie.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/jantung1.jpg?w=950" href="http://antariyunie.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/jantung1.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_18" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 114pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 279pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<v:imagedata o:title="jantung1" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar
bagian-bagian jantung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Atrium (serambi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Atrium atau serambi terbagi menjadi
dua yaitu serambi kiri (atrium sinister) dan serambi kana (atrium dexter):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam Atrium atau serambi kanan merupakan ruangan
tempat masuknya darah dari pembuluh balik atau pembuluh vena, yaitu vena kava
superior dan vena kavam inferior yang banyak mengandung CO<sub>2</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Atrium kiri
menerima darah, dan darah tersebut berasal dari paru-paru yang banyak
mengandung O<sub>2</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ventrikel (bilik)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada ventrikel (bilik) juga terbagi
menjadi dua yaitu; bilik kanan (ventrikel dexter) dan bilik kiri (ventrikel
sinister)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bilik kanan (ventrikel dexter), menerima darah dari
serambi kanan (atrium dexter) untuk
dipompakan ke paru-paru melalui arteri pulmonalis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bilik kiri (ventrikel sinister), menerima darah kaya O<sub>2
</sub> dari serambi kiri (atrium dexter), kemudian diedarkan ke seluruh
tubuh melalui aorta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berikut ini cara kerja
jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Darah dari paru-paru →
masuk ke serambi kiri → diteruskan ke bilik kiri → dipompa keluar jantung
menuju ke seluruh tubuh → darah dari seluruh tubuh kembali ke jantung → masuk
ke serambi kanan → masuk ke bilik kanan → dipompa keluar dari jantung menuju
paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh Darah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Pembuluh
darah adalah saluran-saluran yang berfungsi sebagai tempat mengalirnya darah.
Pembuluh darah terdiri atas pembuluh nadi (arteri), pembuluh balik (vena), dan
pembuluh kapiler.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 121.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 232.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Pembuluh_darah" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
Gambar pembuluh darah<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh nadi(arteri)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh nadi adalah merupakan pembuluh darah yang membawa
darah keluar dari jantung menuju kapiler. Pembuluh nadi yang paling besar
bernama aorta,yang fungsinya untuk mengalirkan darah dari
jantung sebelah kiri menuju ke seluruh lapisan sel tubuh. Pembuluh nadi yang
mengalirkan darah dari bilik kanan menuju ke paru-paru disebut dengan
arteri paru-paru (arteri pulmonalis).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh balik (vena)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh balik adalah merupakan pembuluh yang mengalirkan
darah kembali ke jantung. Vena terdiri atas vena pulmonalis atau pembuluh balik
yang mengalirkan darah dari paru-paru menuju ke serambi kiri jantung
serta vena cava superior dan vena cava inferior atau
yang mengalirkan darah yang banyak mengandung karbon dioksida dari tubuh bagian
atas dan bagian bawah menuju ke serambi kanan jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh kapiler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh
halus yang menghubungkan arteriole dan venule.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berikut ini bagan perbedaan antara
pembuluh nadi dan pembuluh balik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 127.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 351.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="beda vena dengan arteri" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran Darah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ada dua macam peredaran darah yaitu
peredaran darah kecil dan peredaran darah besar:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran darah kecil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran
darah kecil dimulai dari ventrikel kanan → arteri pulmonalis → paru-paru → vena
pulmonalis → atrium kiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diringkas
: jantung (bilik kanan) → paru-paru → jantung (serambi kiri)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran darah besar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran
darah besar dimulai dari ventriker kiri → aorta → arteri → arteriole → kapiler
→ venule → vena → vena cava superior dan vena cava inferior → serambi kanan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diringkas :
jantung (bilik kanan) → seluruh tubuh → jantung (serambi kanan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<span lang="ES">Sistem transpor pada manusia dan hubungannya
dengan kesehatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Darah</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Darah adalah cairan yang
terdapat pada semua makhluk hidup(kecuali tumbuhan) tingkat tinggi yang berfungsi
mengirimkan zat-zat dan oksigen yang dibutuhkan oleh jaringan tubuh,mengangkut
bahan-bahan kimia hasil metabolisme, dan juga sebagai pertahanan tubuh terhadap
virus atau bakteri.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Komponen darah:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 270.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 2.0cm; text-indent: -227.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="a">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Plasma darah (cairan darah)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 270.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 2.0cm; text-indent: -227.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="a">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Sel-sel darah </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Ada tiga macam sel darah yaitu: sel darah merah (eritrosit),
sel darah putih (leukosit), dan keping darah (trombosit).</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level8 lfo1; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 92.15pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Eritrosis (sel darah
merah), mengandung hemoglobin yang memberikan warna merahnya. Hemoglobin ini
mempunyai fungsi yaitu untuk mengikat oksigen serta mengedarkannya ke dalam
seluruh lapisan sel tubuh manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level8 lfo1; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 92.15pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Leukosit (sel darah putih),
tidak berwarna (bening). Berfungsi sebagai sistem pertahanan dan kekebalan
tubuh,yaitu memakan mikroorganisme dan zat asing yang masuk kedalam tubuh.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level8 lfo1; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 92.15pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Trombosit (keping darah),
berfungsi pada proses pembekuan darah ketika terjadi luka.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Golongan darah</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Karl
Landsteiner (Austria) pada tahun 1901 berpendapat bahwa darah dapat digolongkan
berdasar sistem ABO. Dalam sistem ini darah dapat digolongkan menjadi 4 yaitu:
golongan darah A, B, AB, dan O. Dalam penelitiannya Landsteiner menemukan
protein yang terdapat pada eritrosit manusia yang disebut aglutinogen. Ada dua
macam aglutinogen yaitu aglutinogen A dan aglutinogen B. Adapun pada plasma
darah (serum) ditemukan protein yang disebut aglutinin (antiaglutinogen), ada
dua macam yaitu aglutinin alfa (anti A) dan beta (anti B). Kandungan aglutin
dan aglutinogen, beserta donor darah:</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="8" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" width="93">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Donor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aglutinogen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 273.15pt;" width="364">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Resipien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 273.15pt;" width="364">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aglutinin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AB<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">β<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">α<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">αβ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AB<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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Keterangan
: </div>
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+ = berarti menggumpal</div>
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- = berarti tidak menggumpal/cocok.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Kelainan pada sistem
peredaran darah</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Contoh
kelainan pada sistem peredaran darah manusia:</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Hemofilia</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Kelainan pada darah berupa darah yang
sukar membeku. Hemofilia disebabkan oleh faktor genetis atau keturunan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Anemia (kurang darah)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Disebabkan kurangnya kandungan
hemoglobin (Hb) dalam sel darah merah, berkurangnya eritrosit dalam darah atau
berkurangnya volume darah dari ukuran yang normal.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Leukimia (kanker darah)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Bertambahnya sel darah putih yang tidak
terkendali.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Varises</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Pelebaran pembuluh darah.</div>
</div>
Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-64581760764640164722013-10-24T07:01:00.001-07:002013-10-24T07:32:48.277-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="ES"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="ES">RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>TAHUN
AJARAN 2013-2014<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Sekolah : </span>MTs N 1 Palembang<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Mata Pelajaran : IPA Terpadu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Kelas / Semester : VIII / I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Alokasi waktu : </span>3</b><b><span lang="ES"> X 40</span>menit</b><b> (2x
pertemuan)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b>Pertemuan : 1 (pertama)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Standar Kompetensi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 1.Memahami berbagai
sistem dalam kehidupan manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompetensi Dasar <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.1.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES;">Menganalisis pentingnya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan
pada makhluk hidup.</span><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Tujuan Pembelajaran</b> :
siswa dapat ;</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo2; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menuliskan pengertian pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo2; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 2 faktor internal dan 3 faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan
pada tumbuhan dan hewan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo2; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menuliskan tahapan-tahapan metamarfosis sempurna dan tidak
sempurna.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo2; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menuliskan perbedaan metagenesis pada tumbuhan paku dan lumut.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -216.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Karakter siswa yang diharapkan : </b><span lang="ES">Disiplin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt;">
Rasa ingin tahu<span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 202.3pt; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<span lang="ES">Rasa hormat dan perhatian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Tekun <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Tanggung jawab </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Ketelitian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Materi Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 270.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-indent: -248.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>pengertian <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b>Pertumbuhan</b> merupakan proses bertambahnya ukuran tubuh yang meliputi tinggi,
berat, dan volume tubuh yang bersifat ireversibel(tak dapat kembali ke bentuk
semula).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Sebagai contoh : pertambahan tinggi
tanaman, pertambahan berat sapi, tubuh anak-anak bertambah besar ketika
menginjak remaja dan lain sebagainya. Pertumbuhan bersifat kualitatif/punya
nilai yang dapat diukur dalam angka.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Selama hidupnya makhluk hidup selain
mengalami pertumbuhan juga mengalami perkembangan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b>Perkembangan</b> merupakan proses biologis makhluk hidup menuju tingkat kedewasaan,
dapat berupa perubahan bentuk, susunan dan fungsi organ-organ tubuh menuju
kedewasaan/kesempurnaan. Sebagai contoh : perubahan biji menjadi kecambah,
perubahan telur menjadi anak ayam, pohon mangga berbunga. Dalam perubahan
tersebut perbedaan ukurannya tidak terlalu besar/mencolok namun terjadi
perubahan besar yang tidak dapat diukur berupa perubahan bentuk.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 270.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-indent: -248.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan dipengaruhi oleh faktor dalam (internal) maupun faktor luar
(eksternal).<span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Faktor Dalam</span></b><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (internal),Faktor dalam (internal) merupakan faktor yang berasal dari
dalam tubuh makhluk hidup itu sendiri. Faktor-faktor yang termasuk ke dalam
faktor dalam (internal) antaran lain sebagai berikut :<span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gen (Genetik)</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gen merupakan sifat
yang tidak tampak dari luar. Gen terbentuk dari sejumlah asam nukleat yang
tersusun dalam makromolekul yang disebut DNA. Gen berfungsi sebagai pembawa
faktor keturunan, sehingga sifat yang dimiliki oleh induk akan diturunkan
kepada keturunannya.Masing-masing jenis (species), bahkan masing-masing
individu memiliki gen untuk sifat tertentu seperti: cepat tumbuh, berbatang
tinggi, berbatang pendek, berbuah lebat, berbuah jarang.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hormon</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hormon merupakan senyawa organik pada manusia dan sebagian hewan. Hormon
dihasilkan oleh kelenjar endokrin yang merupakan kelenjar buntu. Hormon
mempengaruhi reproduksi, metabolisme, serta perumbuhan dan perkembangan. Hormon
pertumbuhan merupakan hormon yang memacu pertumbuhan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada tumbuhan seperti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Auksin : Mendorong
pemanjangan batang/pucuk<span style="background: white;">, ,</span>Memacu
dominasi tunas apikal (tunas diujung batang)</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Giberelin :Memacu
pertumbuhan batang<span style="background: white;">,</span>Merangsang
perkecambahan biji dan tunas<span style="background: white;">, </span>Merangsang
pembentukan bunga<span style="background: white;">,</span>Merangsang perkembangan
buah tanpa biji (partenokarpi)</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sitokinin :Memacu
pembelahan sel dan pembentukan organ<span style="background: white;">,</span>Menunda
penuaan<span style="background: white;">.</span></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Asam Absisat (ABA) :<span style="background: white;">,</span>Menghambat pertumbuhan (Dormancy)<span style="background: white;">,</span>Memacu pengguguran daun, bunga, dan buah</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gas Etilene
:Mempercepat pematangan buah, merangsang pembungaan, merangsang penuaan dan
pengguguran daun serta menghambat pemanjangan batang.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hormon pada manusia<span style="background: white;">,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hormon dihasilkan oleh
kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar buntu) dan dibawa oleh darah ke organ sasaran
sehingga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan hewan termasuk manusia.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelenjar Hipofisis,menghasilkan<span style="background: white;">:</span></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Somatotrof - Mempengaruhi pertumbuhan<span style="background: white;">,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tirotropin - Mempengaruhi kerja kelenjar
tiroid<span style="background: white;">,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Prolaktin - Mempengaruhi pengeluaran air
susu<span style="background: white;">,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gonadotropin - Mempengaruhi kerja
kelenjar kelamin<span style="background: white;">,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ACTH - Mempengaruhi kerja kelenjar
Adrenalin<span style="background: white;">,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ADH - Mempengaruhi pengeluaran urine<span style="background: white;">,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Oksitosin -
Mempengaruhi kontraksi otot rahim saat melahirkan </span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tiroid menghasilkan </span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tiroksin : Mengatur
metabolisme zat dan pertumbuhan.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Paratiroid
menghasilkan Parathormon : Mengatur kadar kalsium dalam darah.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adrenalin menghasilkan
Adrenalin : Mengatur kadar gula darah dengan mengubah glikogen menjadi glukosa.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pankreas menghasilkan
Insulin : Mengatur kadar gula darah dengan mengubah glukosa menjadi glikogen.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Testis menghasilkan
Testosteron : Mempengaruhi ciri-ciri kelamin sekunder pria.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ovarium menghasilkan
Estrogen dan Progresteron : Mempengaruhi ciri-ciri kelamin sekunder wanita.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Faktor Luar</span></b><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (eksternal)<span style="background: white;">,</span>Faktor luar
(eksternal) merupakan faktor-faktor yang berasal dari luar tubuh makhluk hidup
itu sendiri.Faktor-faktor yang termasuk ke dalam faktor luar (eksternal) antara
lain sebagai berikut:</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Makanan (Nutrisi)<span style="background: white;">.</span></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .55pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Makanan adalah bahan baku yang kemudian akan diproses pada peristiwa
metabolisme sehingga menghasilkan energi. Energi sangat diperlukan untuk
pertumbuhan. Fungsi nutrisi diantanya adalah sebagai bahan pembangun tubuh
makhluk hidup. Nutrisi bagi sebagian besar hewan dan manusia dapat berupa
protein, karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin, dan mineral. Protein merupakan bahan
pembangun sel-sel tubuh.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Suhu</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setiap makhluk hidup
memiliki batas toleransi pada suhu. Jika suhu lingkungan terlalu dingin atau
terlalu panas, maka makhluk hidup tidak dapat tumbuh dan berkembang sempurna.
Suhu yang baik bagi tumbuhan adalah antara 22°C sampai dengan 37°C.<span style="background: white;"> </span>Temperatur
yang lebih atau kurang dari batas normal tersebut dapat mengakibatkan
pertumbuhan yang lambat atau berhenti.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cahaya (Sinar)<span style="background: white;">. </span></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cahaya (sinar) sangat
dibutuhkan untuk kehidupan, terutama cahaya matahari. Semua makhluk hidup
membutuhkan cahaya matahari. Misalnya tumbuhan hijau membutuhkan cahaya
matahari untuk mendukung proses fotosintesis.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelembaban</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sampai batas-batas
tertentu, tanah dan udara yang lembab berepengaruh baik terhadap pertumbuhan
tanaman. Hali ini karena air yang dapat diserap tanaman lebih banyak dan lebih
sedikit air yang diuapkan sehingga menyebabkan pembentangan sel-sel. </span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 270.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-indent: -248.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan pada hewan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
Perkembangan pada
sebagian hewan dapat diamati dengan jelas melalui proses
metamorfosisi<br />
<b>Metamorfosis</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Metamorfosis adalah peristiwa
perubahan bentuk tubuh secara bertahap yang dimulai dari larva sampai dewasa.
Contoh hewan yang mengalami metamorfosis adalah katak. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br />
Berdasarkan prosesnya metamorfosis dibedakan menjadi dua :<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Metamorfosis Sempurna</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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Metamorfosis sempurna ditandai bentuk
larva dengan hewan dewasa jauh berbeda. Tahapan dalam metamorfosis sempurna,
Contoh metamorfosis sempurna misalnya pada <i>katak dan kupu-kupu</i>.
Tahapan metamorfosis pada kupu-kupu adalah :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
telur →
larva → pupa (kepompong) → dewasa (imago<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Metamorfosis Tidak Sempurna (Hemimetabola)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
Serangga yang mengalami metamorfosis tidak
sempurna, bentuk serangga yang baru menetas (nimfa) tidak jauh berbeda dengan
bentuk serangga dewasa (imago). Contoh metamorfosis tidak sempurna
misalnya pada jangkrik dan belalang. Urutan daur hidup serangga yang mengalami
metamorfosis tidak sempurna adalah sebagai berikut :<b> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
telur → nimfa →
dewasa (imago)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
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<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 270.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -248.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada tumbuhan.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
Metagenesis </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
Metagenesis adalah pergantian atau pergiliran keturunan antara fase
gametofit dan fase sporofit. Spora merupakan alat reproduksi pada fase sporofit. Sebelum terbentuk
spora, terjadi pembentukkan gamet dan
fertilisasi (fase gametofit). Metagenesis dialami oleh tumbuhan lumut dan
tumbuhan paku.</div>
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Proses metagenesis pada tumbuhan paku:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
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Proses metagenesis pada tumbuhan lumut:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
C. Metode
Pembelajaran</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 1. Pendekatan : Pembelajaran kontekstual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 2. Metode : </span>teacher center dan tanya jawab.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 3. Model Pembelajaran : Pembelajaran langsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>D.</b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b><i>Pertemuan
pertama dan kedua :<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 1. Kegiatan Pendahuluan</span> (5 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> a. Motivasi</span> dan Apersepsi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -63.8pt;">
<span lang="ES"> </span>Siapa yang punya
adik? Bagaimana adik kalian menjadi besar? Dari tidak dapat bicara jadi dapat
berbicara?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -63.8pt;">
Setiap
perubahan dalam diri kita itu sangat berarti karena segala sesuatu yang telah
kita lewati tidak mungkin terulang kembali.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> b. Pengetahuan Prasyarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> </span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">Siswa
telah memahami ciri-ciri makhluk hidup terutama tumbuh dan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;"> berkembang biak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 2. Kegiatan Inti</span><span lang="ES"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Eksplorasi</i> (30 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
eksplorasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Beberapa siswa diminta maju
untuk menjadi peraga urutan proses pertumbuhan, untuk mendapatkan definisi
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Memfasilitasi terjadinya
diskusi antar siswa tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa diberi kesempatan
untuk bertanya tentang materi yang telah disampaikan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Dari pengertian guru
memfasilitasi terjadinya diskusi antar siswa mengenai perbedaan pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tayangan untuk
tahapan-tahapan proses metamarfosis, serta metagenesisi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Elaborasi</i> ( 15 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
elaborasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Dari tayangan video siswa membuat kesimpulan tentang
metamarfosis dan metagenesis. Selama proses berlangsung, guru mengawasi dan
mengarahkan siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam membuat kesimpulan. <span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Konfirmasi</i> ( 20 menit )<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan konfirmasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.0pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Beberapa peserta didik
secara acak diminta untuk menyampaikan hasil kesimpulan yang dapat mereka buat.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.0pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberikan informasi
yang belum dimengerti siswa, dan meluruskan penyampaian-penyampaian materi oleh
siswa yang kurang lengkap.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.0pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa diberi soal latihan,
sebgai evalusi materi yang telah disampaikan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK">3.
Kegiatan Penutup</span> (10 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
Dalam
kegiatan penutup, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru membimbing siswa untuk membuat kesimpulan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi tugas rumah
untuk membuat kliping tentang tahapan-tahapan perkembangan manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<b>E. </b><b><span lang="ES">Media Pembelajaran</span></b><span lang="ES"> </span> :
- <span lang="ES">Model</span>/carta pertumbuhan
tumbuhan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 114.1pt 148.4pt 186.2pt;">
- video metamarfosis dan
metagenesis.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<b>F. </b><b><span lang="ES">Sumber Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 1.
Buku IPA </span>SMP/MTs Kelas VIII<span lang="ES"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 2.
Buku IPA yang relevan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 3.
Model / </span>carta pertumbuhan tumbuhan, dan video.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 4.
Siswa dan guru.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<b>G. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Penilaian</span>: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 54.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 628px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 28.05pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 114.25pt;" width="152">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi</span></b><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Teknik Penilaian</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Bentuk Instrumen</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.35pt;" width="222">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Instrumen/ Soal</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">skor</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 114.25pt;" valign="top" width="152">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan definisi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memahami tahapan-tahapan proses metamarfosis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membandingkan tahapan metagenesis pada beberapa
tumbuhan.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tes tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tes tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Tes tulis</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; tab-stops: 34.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tes uraian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tes uraian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Tes uraian</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.35pt;" valign="top" width="222">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 15.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 27.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Apa yang dimaksud
dengan pengertian pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 15.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 27.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 2 faktor
internal dan 3 faktor eksternal yang
mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada tumbuhan dan hewan!</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 15.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 27.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan tahapan-tahapan
metamarfosis sempurna dan tidak sempurna!</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 15.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 27.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan perbedaan
metagenesis pada tumbuhan paku dan lumut!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 6.75pt; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
15</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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25</div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
30</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
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30</div>
</td>
</tr>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
Palembang, <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
Mengetahui, Guru
Mata Pelajaran</div>
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Kepala MTs Negeri 1 Palembang<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
<b>Dra. Hj. Yeni Sufri Yani, M.Pd.
I Dra.
Hidayati</b> <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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NIP.
196708281994032002 NIP.
196409251993022001</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>LEMBAR KERJA SISWA (LKS)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Apa yang dimaksud
dengan pengertian pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan?(15)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 2 faktor internal
dan 3 faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada tumbuhan dan hewan!(25)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan tahapan-tahapan
metamarfosis sempurna dan tidak sempurna!(30)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan perbedaan
metagenesis pada tumbuhan paku dan lumut!(30)</div>
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<b>KUNCI JAWABAN<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pertumbuhan merupakan proses bertambahnya ukuran
tubuh yang meliputi tinggi, berat, dan volume tubuh yang bersifat
ireversibel(tak dapat kembali ke bentuk semula). Sebagai contoh : pertambahan
tinggi tanaman, pertambahan berat sapi, tubuh anak-anak bertambah besar ketika
menginjak remaja dan lain sebagainya. Sedangkan perkembangan merupakan proses biologis makhluk hidup menuju
tingkat kedewasaan, dapat berupa perubahan bentuk, susunan dan fungsi
organ-organ tubuh menuju kedewasaan/kesempurnaan. Sebagai contoh : perubahan
biji menjadi kecambah, perubahan telur menjadi anak ayam, pohon mangga
berbunga. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Faktor-faktor
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan: faktor eksternal: cahaya, suhu, nutrisi, dan
faktor internal : gen dan hormon.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tahapan metamarfosis
sempurna pada kupu-kupu : telur → larva
→ pupa (kepompong) → dewasa (imago), metamarfosis tidak sempurna contohnya pada
belalang : telur → nimfa → imago (dewasa).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Perbedaan metagenesis
pada tumbuhan paku dan tumbuhan lumut.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 226.4pt;" valign="top" width="302">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metagenesis pada paku:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://vthreea.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/daur-hidup-paku-secara-umum.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:139.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg"
o:title="daur-hidup-paku-secara-umum"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="http://vthreea.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/daur-hidup-paku-secara-umum.jpg" border="0" height="186" src="file:///C:/Users/Acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_9" width="244" /><!--[endif]--></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metagenesis pada lumut:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRUl4gajq_m7X4Xqa6tdfMhQx7szG6_PgJfgUP1FIGU9zEeg-24BvBKai0oXKb9g6c9npXG2vigasbm3NrsNGcglMILgG4NrR3f6wh8UVTMHq2nHwW_IG41dAlHKedC4Y1nfHzp_O9uIWt/s1600/gametofit+lumut.jpg"
style='width:192.75pt;height:133.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.jpg"
o:title="gametofit+lumut"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRUl4gajq_m7X4Xqa6tdfMhQx7szG6_PgJfgUP1FIGU9zEeg-24BvBKai0oXKb9g6c9npXG2vigasbm3NrsNGcglMILgG4NrR3f6wh8UVTMHq2nHwW_IG41dAlHKedC4Y1nfHzp_O9uIWt/s1600/gametofit+lumut.jpg" border="0" height="178" src="file:///C:/Users/Acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_4" width="257" /><!--[endif]--></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="ES"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="ES">RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>TAHUN
AJARAN 2013-2014<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Sekolah : </span>MTs N 1 Palembang<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Mata Pelajaran : IPA Terpadu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Kelas / Semester : VIII / I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Alokasi waktu : </span>2</b><b><span lang="ES"> X 40</span>menit</b><b> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Pertemuan : 1 (pertama)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="ES">Standar Kompetensi </span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memahami
berbagai sistem dalam kehidupan manusia.</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="ES">Kompetensi Dasar</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.5. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES;">Mendiskripsikan sistem pernafasan pada manusia dan
hubungannya dengan kesehatan</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>A. Tujuan Pembelajaran</b> : siswa dapat ;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 134.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 134.7pt 137.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyebutkan 6 organ penyusun sistem pernapasan. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 134.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 134.7pt 137.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menuliskan 2
mekanisme pernapasan pada manusia. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 134.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 134.7pt 137.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyebutkan 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi pernapasan pada
manusia.</span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 134.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 134.7pt 137.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyebutkan 3 contoh kelainan / gangguan pada sistem
pernapasan manusia. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -216.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Karakter siswa yang diharapkan : </b><span lang="ES">Disiplin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt;">
Rasa ingin tahu<span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 202.3pt; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<span lang="ES">Rasa hormat dan perhatian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Tekun <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Tanggung jawab </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Ketelitian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>B. Materi Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES;">Sistem
pernafasan pada manusia dan hubungannya dengan kesehatan.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 233.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Pengertian sistem
pencernaan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pernapasan adalah
proses pengambilan oksigen dari udara dan mengeluarkan karbon dioksida ke
udara. Proses menghirup udara disebut inspirasi dan proses menghembuskan udara
disebut ekspirasi.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 233.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Organ-organ sistem
pernapasan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 228.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -150.55pt;">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 228.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -150.55pt;">
Gambar saluran pernapasan pada manusia</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Hidung<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Pada permukaan rongga hidung terdapat rambut-rambut halus yang berfungsi
menyaring debu dan partikel-partikel kotoran, selain itu di dalam rongga hidung
juga terdapat selaput lendir yang berfungsi membunuh kuman dan melembabkan
udara yang akan masuk dalam tubuh.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Faring (tekak)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Udara dari rongga hidung masuk ke faring. Faring merupakan rongga yang
terletak dibelakang rongga hidung dan mulut. Berfungsi sebagai saluran udara dan
saluran makanan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Laring (pangkal
tenggorokan)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
Tersusun atas
lempengan-lempengan tulang rawan. Pada laki-laki lempengan-lempengan tulang
rawan tersebut membentuk jakun. <span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pangkal tenggorokan ditutupi oleh
katup pangkal tenggorokan (epiglotis). Jika udara menuju ke tenggorokan, anak
tekak melipat ke bawah bertemu dengan katup pangkal teggorokan untuk membuka
jalan ke tenggorokan. Pada waktu menelan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">makanan,
katup tersebut menutupi pangkal tenggorokan dan waktu bernapas katup akan
membuka. Pada pangkal tenggorokan terdapat selaput suara yang akan bergetar
bila ada suara yang melaluinya, misalnya pada waktu kita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">berbicara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Trakea ( batang
tenggorokan)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Saluran berongga
dengan dinding dari cincin-cincin tulang rawan. Pada trakea terdapat otot polos
untuk menjaga agar bronkus tidak mengempis saat bernapas. Pada trakea terdapat
lendir dan silia untuk menyaring debu dan bakteri yang masuk bersama udara agar
tidak sampai di paru-paru.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Bronkus ( cabang
tenggorokan)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
Percabangan dari trakea menuju
paru-paru kiri dan paru - paru kanan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Paru-paru (pulmo)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 123pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 261.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="5" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
Gambar
paru-paru pada manusia</div>
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Berjumlah sepasang
terletak di dalam rongga dada. Terbungkus oleh selaput rangkap yang disebut
pleura. Paru-paru kanan terdiri atas tiga gelambir sedangkan paru-paru kiri
terdiri atas dua gelambir. Di dalam paru-paru bronkus bercabang-cabang
memebentuk bronkiolus. Pada bronkiolus terdapat gelembung-gelembung yang
disebut alveolus. Alveolus berfungsi sebagai tempat terjadinya pertukaran gas
oksigen (O<sub>2</sub>) dan karbon dioksida (CO<sub>2).<o:p></o:p></sub></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 233.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Mekanisme pernapasan <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
Jenis Pernapasan berdasarkan organ yang
terlibat dalam peristiwa inspirasi dan ekspirasi, orang sering menyebut
pernapasan dada dan pernapasan perut. Sebenarnya pernapasan dada dan pernapasan
perut terjadi secara bersamaan. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Bold","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pernapasan
Dada<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">Berikut ini adalah
mekanisme pernapasan dada.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Bold","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fase inspirasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">Otot antartulang rusuk berkontraksi (berkerut) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">tulang rusuk terangkat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">volume rongga dada membesar </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">tekanan rongga dada mengecil </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">paru-paru mengembang</span><span style="font-family: SymbolMT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">tekanan paru-paru mengecil </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">udara masuk ke paruparu (alveolus).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fase ekspirasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">Otot antartulang rusuk relaksasi (mengendor) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">tulang rusuk kembali ke posisi semula </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">rongga dada menyempit </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">tekanan rongga dada membesar </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">paru-paru mengempis </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">tekanan paru-paru membesar </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">udara keluar dari paruparu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif;">(alveolus).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Bold","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pernapasan Perut<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Berikut ini adalah mekanisme pernapasan
perut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fase inspirasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Otot diafragma berkontraksi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">diafragma menjadi datar </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">rongga dada membesar </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">tekanan dalam rongga dada mengecil </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">paru-paru mengembang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">tekanan dalam paru-paru mengecil </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">udara masuk ke dalam paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fase ekspirasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Otot diafragma relaksasi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">diafragma melengkung ke atas </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">rongga dada mengecil </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">tekanan dalam rongga dada membesar </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">paru-paru mengempis </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">tekanan dalam paruparu membesar </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">→ </span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">udara keluar dari paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 233.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Volume udara pernapasan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Volume paru-paru:
kira-kira 5 liter.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Udara tidal: udara yang
keluar masuk ± 0,5 liter pada waktu istirahat.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Udara suplementer: udara
yang dikeluarkan paruparu dengan menghembuskan napas sekuat-kuatnya, ± 1500 ml.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Udara komplementer:
udara yang masuk ke paru-paru dengan menarik napas sekuat-kuatnya, ± 1500 ml.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Udara residu: udara yang
masih tersisa dalam paruparu setelah menghembuskan napas sekuat-kuatnya, ± 1000
ml.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"> Kapasitas total: volume udara yang bisa
ditampung paru-paru secara maksimal, ± 5000 ml (jumlah kapasitas vital
paru-paru dan udara residu).</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Palatino-Roman, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Kapasitas vital
paru-paru: udara yang keluar masuk paru-paru secara maksimal, ± 4000 ml.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 233.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Frekuensi Pernapasan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pada ukurannya, setiap menit manusia melakukan
pernapasan antara 15-18 kali (inspirasi-ekspirasi). Cepat lambatnya manusia
bernapas dipengaruhi oleh beberapa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -70.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">faktor, baik dari dalam maupun dari
luar, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -70.9pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Bold","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. Umur<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Umumnya, makin bertambah umur seseorang, irama pernapasannya
makin lambat. Hal ini berkaitan dengan makin berkurangnya kebutuhan energi.
Usia balita atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">anak-anak, dan remaja merupakan masa pertumbuhan
fisik yang sangat membutuhkan banyak energi. Hal ini berarti laju metabolisme
dalam tubuh juga akan lebih cepat sehingga membutuhkan banyak oksigen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Bold","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. Jenis Kelamin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Laki-laki umumnya beraktivitas lebih banyak dan bekerja
lebih keras daripada perempuan. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan makin tingginya
kebutuhan energi sehingga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">membutuhkan banyak oksigen untuk meningkatkan laju metabolisme
tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Bold","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. Suhu Tubuh<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Manusia termasuk jenis makhluk hidup yang memiliki suhu
tubuh relatif konstan sekitar 36,4° C - 37,2° C. Suhu tubuh konstan karena
manusia mampu mengatur produksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">panas tubuhnya dengan cara meningkatkan laju
metabolisme tubuh. Makin rendah suhu tubuh, makin cepat pernapasan. Sebaliknya,
makin tinggi suhu makin lambat pernapasan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Bold","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. Posisi Tubuh<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Posisi tubuh menentukan sedikit banyaknya otot dan organ
tubuh yang bekerja. Hal ini berarti menentukan kebutuhan energi yang
diperlukannya dan mempengaruhi kepada irama pernapasan. Sebagai contoh, irama
pernapasan pada posisi berdiri lebih cepat daripada orang yang duduk atau orang
yang berbaring.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Palatino-Bold","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. Kegiatan Tubuh<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Makin banyak organ tubuh yang bekerja dan makin berat
kerja organ tersebut, makin tinggi kebutuhan energi yang diperlukan sehingga
laju metabolisme dan irama pernapasan makin cepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 78.0pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Kelainan atau gangguan
sistem pernapasan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 60.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Influenza<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 62.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5pt;">
Disebabkan
oleh virus yang menginfeksi salluran pernapasan, biasanya ditandai dengan
gejala berupa demam, pegal linu, lesu, dan batuk pilek. Jika tidak ada
komplikasi biasanya sembuh dalam 3 – 5 hari.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 60.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Tuberkulosis (TBC)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Disebabkan oleh
bakteri Micobacterium tuberculosa. Gejala biasanya ditandai dengan turunnya
berat badan secara drasti, batuk berdahak sampai berdarah, sesak napas dan
berkeringat pada malam hari. Penyakit ini menular lewat udara dan merusak
jaringan paru-paru.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 62.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-indent: -19.75pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Asma <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Penyempitan saluran
pernapasan yang diakibatkan oleh alergi terhadap kondisi lingkungan misalnya
debu, rambut hewan, atau hawa dingin.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>C. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Metode Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 1. Pendekatan : Pembelajaran kontekstual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 2. Metode : </span>teacher center dan tanya jawab.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 3. Model Pembelajaran : Pembelajaran langsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>D. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span lang="ES"> 1. Kegiatan Pendahuluan</span> (5 menit)</div>
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<span lang="ES"> a.
</span> Apersepsi</div>
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<span lang="ES"> </span>Siapa yang pernah
berolahraga/lari? Apa yang kita rasakan setelah berlari?</div>
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Ketika
kita berlari kita membutuhkan tenaga, sumber dari tenaga kita adalah makanan
yang kita makan. Nah makanan apa saja yang kita butuhkan?masih ingat materi
kemarin zat makanan apa yang kita butuhkan?</div>
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<span lang="ES"> b. Pengetahuan Prasyarat</span></div>
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Sistem pencernaan.</div>
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<span lang="ES"> 2. Kegiatan Inti</span><span lang="ES"> </span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Eksplorasi</i> (30 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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Dalam kegiatan
eksplorasi, guru:</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memfasilitasi
terjadinya diskusi mengenai pergertian pernapasan.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa ditunjuk secara acak
untuk menyebutkan organ-organ pernapasan pada manusia.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru mnjelaskan
masing-masing organ beserta fungsinya menggunakan video/slide.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa diberi kesempatan
untuk menyakan materi yang belum jelas/belum dimengerti.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Salah siswa diminta maju
kedepan kelas memperagakan pernapasan perut maupun dada.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru bersama siswa diskusi
tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pernapasan.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa diminta menyebutkan
contoh-contoh kelainan/gangguan pada sistem pernapasan dengan pengetahuan yang
dijumpai dalam lingkungan sekitar tempat tinggalnya.</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Elaborasi</i> ( 20 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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Dalam kegiatan
elaborasi, guru:</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi soal latihan berupa lembar kerja siswa (LKS) yang
telah di siapkan. Selama proses ini berlangsung guru mengawasi dan mengarahkan
siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. <span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Konfirmasi</i> ( 20 menit )<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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Dalam kegiatan konfirmasi, guru:</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Beberapa peserta didik
secara acak diminta untuk menjawab soal yang telah dikerjakan, dan peserta
didik yang lain memberi menyimak serta mengoreksi jawaban masing-masing. Jika
dalam pengerjaan peserta didik tersebut ada kesalahan maka guru mengarahkan ke
jawaban yang benar melalui tanya jawab ke seluruh peserta didik.</div>
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<span lang="NO-BOK">3.
Kegiatan Penutup</span> ( 5 menit)</div>
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Dalam
kegiatan penutup, guru:</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru membimbing siswa untuk membuat kesimpulan.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi tugas rumah.</div>
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<b>E. </b><b><span lang="ES">Media Pembelajaran</span></b><span lang="ES"> </span> : -
<span lang="ES">Model</span>/carta sistem pernapasan
<span lang="ES">.</span></div>
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-
video sistem pernapasan.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>F. </b><b><span lang="ES">Sumber Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="ES"> 1.
Buku IPA </span>SMP/MTs Kelas VIII.<span lang="ES"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES"> 2.
Buku IPA yang relevan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES"> 3.
Model / Charta organ pe</span>napasan pada manusia.</div>
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<b>G. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Penilaian</span>: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="height: 28.05pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" width="149">
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<b><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi</span></b><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Teknik Penilaian</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Bentuk Instrumen</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.35pt;" width="222">
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<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Instrumen/ Soal</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84">
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<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">skor</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Membedakan organ-organ penyusun sistem pernapasan pada manusia.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Menjelaskan mekanisme pernapasan pada manusia.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Mengetaui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pernapasan.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Mendata contoh-contoh kelaian/ gangguan pada sistem pernapasan.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes tulis</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Tes </div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Tes tulis</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; tab-stops: 34.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes
uraian</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Tes uraian</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes uraian</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Tes uraian</div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.35pt;" valign="top" width="222">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Sebutkan 6 organ penyusun
sistem pernapasan. </span><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; tab-stops: 23.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tuliskan 2 mekanisme
pernapasan pada manusia. </span><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; tab-stops: 23.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; tab-stops: 23.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Sebutkan 3 faktor yang
mempengaruhi pernapasan pada manusia.</span><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Sebutkan 3 contoh kelainan /
gangguan pada sistem pernapasan manusia. </span><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
30</div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
40</div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
15</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
15</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
Palembang, <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
Mengetahui, Guru
Mata Pelajaran</div>
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Kepala MTs Negeri 1 Palembang<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
<b>Dra. Hj. Yeni Sufri Yani, M.Pd.
I Dra.
Hidayati</b> <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
NIP.
196708281994032002 NIP.
196409251993022001</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>LEMBAR KERJA SISWA<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 137.55pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 23.1pt list 137.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -130.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebutkan 6
organ penyusun sistem pernapasan. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 23.1pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 23.1pt list 137.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tuliskan 2 mekanisme pernapasan pada manusia. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 137.55pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 23.1pt list 137.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -130.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebutkan 3
faktor yang mempengaruhi pernapasan pada manusia.</span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 23.1pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 3 contoh kelainan / gangguan pada sistem
pernapasan manusia. <span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 23.1pt; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 23.1pt; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-align: center;">
<b>KUNCI
JAWABAN<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo8; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Organ penyusun sistem
pernapasan yaitu: hidung, faring (trakea), laring (pangkal tenggorokan), trakea
( batang tenggorokan), bronkus ( cabang tenggorokan), dan paru-paru(pulmo)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo8; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Mekanisme pernapasan pada
manusia dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu: pernapasan dada dan pernapasan
perut.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pernapasan Dada<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
Berikut
ini adalah mekanisme pernapasan dada.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fase inspirasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
Otot antartulang rusuk berkontraksi (berkerut) →
tulang rusuk terangkat →
volume rongga dada membesar
→ tekanan rongga dada
mengecil → paru-paru
mengembang<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
→ tekanan paru-paru mengecil →
udara masuk ke paruparu
(alveolus).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fase ekspirasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
Otot antartulang rusuk relaksasi (mengendor) →
tulang rusuk kembali ke
posisi semula → rongga
dada menyempit → tekanan
rongga dada membesar → paru-paru mengempis → tekanan paru-paru membesar → udara keluar dari paruparu<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
(alveolus).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pernapasan Perut<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
Berikut ini adalah mekanisme pernapasan perut.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fase inspirasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
Otot diafragma berkontraksi → diafragma menjadi datar →
rongga dada membesar →
tekanan dalam rongga dada
mengecil → paru-paru
mengembang → tekanan
dalam paru-paru mengecil → udara masuk ke dalam paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fase ekspirasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
Otot diafragma relaksasi → diafragma melengkung ke atas →
rongga dada mengecil →
tekanan dalam rongga dada
membesar → paru-paru
mengempis → tekanan
dalam paruparu membesar → udara keluar dari paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo8; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>3 faktor yang memepengaruhi
cepat lambatnya pernapasan yaitu: umur (usia), posisi tubuh, dan kegiatan
tubuh.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo8; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>3 contoh kelainan/gangguan pada sistem pernapasann yaitu: asma,
TBC, dan influenza.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo8; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="ES">RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>TAHUN
AJARAN 2013-2014<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Sekolah : </span>MTs N 1 Palembang<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Mata Pelajaran : IPA Terpadu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Kelas / Semester : VIII / I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Alokasi waktu : </span>2</b><b><span lang="ES"> X 40</span>menit</b><b> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b>Pertemuan : 1 (pertama)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="ES">Standar Kompetensi </span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="ES">1.Memahami berbagai sistem dalam kehidupan manusia.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="ES">Kompetensi Dasar</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="ES"> 1.6<b>.</b>Mendiskripsikan sistem peredaran darah pada manusia dan
hubungannya dengan kesehatan.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>A. Tujuan Pembelajaran</b> : siswa dapat ;</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 120.5pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menuliskan 2 alat/ organ
pada sistem peredaran darah pada manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 120.5pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menuliskan mekanisme peredaran
darah besar.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 120.5pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menuliskan fungsi jantung, pembuluh arteri dan pembuluh vena.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 120.5pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 4 ruang pada
jantung</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -216.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Karakter siswa yang diharapkan : </b><span lang="ES">Disiplin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt;">
Rasa ingin tahu<span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 202.3pt; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<span lang="ES">Rasa hormat dan perhatian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Tekun <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Tanggung jawab </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Ketelitian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>B. Materi Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Sistem transpor pada manusia dan
hubungannya dengan kesehatan.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
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<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
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<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUOkrLqj0zAz1QrBDCY6ciPMIBSYjJfaeh7RW760IekNJhye9ITwZoCXf0tE5tuykPGMNqBRm2RFKnvK8NiWzh_MxQaDRCI6O5tc99SQjwfOYnf2rqNbakdGaYyGV9jXlql32qYwdhTp_M/s1600/5.JPG" id="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 195pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 378pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem peredaran darah adalah sistem yang
berfungsi untuk mengedarkan makanan dan O2 ke seluruh tubuh.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alat-alat peredaran
darah:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jantung<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
diri manusia terdapa bagian tubuh yang gunanya untuk memompa darah yaitu
jantung. Jantung itu letaknya terletak di rongga dada sebelah kiri. Jantung
tersusun dari otot jantung yang disebut miokardium, dan dindingnya dilapisi
oleh lapisan pembungkus jantung (pericardium). Ternyata Jantung dapa dibagi
menjadi 4 ruang, yaitu serambi kanan dan kiri serta bilik kanan dan kiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://antariyunie.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/jantung1.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape alt="http://antariyunie.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/jantung1.jpg?w=950" href="http://antariyunie.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/jantung1.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_18" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 114pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 279pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="jantung1" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar
bagian-bagian jantung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Atrium (serambi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Atrium atau serambi terbagi menjadi
dua yaitu serambi kiri (atrium sinister) dan serambi kana (atrium dexter):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam Atrium atau serambi kanan merupakan ruangan
tempat masuknya darah dari pembuluh balik atau pembuluh vena, yaitu vena kava
superior dan vena kavam inferior yang banyak mengandung CO<sub>2</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Atrium kiri
menerima darah, dan darah tersebut berasal dari paru-paru yang banyak
mengandung O<sub>2</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ventrikel (bilik)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada ventrikel (bilik) juga terbagi
menjadi dua yaitu; bilik kanan (ventrikel dexter) dan bilik kiri (ventrikel
sinister)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bilik kanan (ventrikel dexter), menerima darah dari
serambi kanan (atrium dexter) untuk
dipompakan ke paru-paru melalui arteri pulmonalis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bilik kiri (ventrikel sinister), menerima darah kaya O<sub>2
</sub> dari serambi kiri (atrium dexter), kemudian diedarkan ke seluruh
tubuh melalui aorta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berikut ini cara kerja
jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Darah dari paru-paru →
masuk ke serambi kiri → diteruskan ke bilik kiri → dipompa keluar jantung
menuju ke seluruh tubuh → darah dari seluruh tubuh kembali ke jantung → masuk
ke serambi kanan → masuk ke bilik kanan → dipompa keluar dari jantung menuju
paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh Darah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Pembuluh
darah adalah saluran-saluran yang berfungsi sebagai tempat mengalirnya darah.
Pembuluh darah terdiri atas pembuluh nadi (arteri), pembuluh balik (vena), dan
pembuluh kapiler.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 121.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 232.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Pembuluh_darah" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
Gambar pembuluh darah<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh nadi(arteri)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh nadi adalah merupakan pembuluh darah yang membawa
darah keluar dari jantung menuju kapiler. Pembuluh nadi yang paling besar
bernama aorta,yang fungsinya untuk mengalirkan darah dari
jantung sebelah kiri menuju ke seluruh lapisan sel tubuh. Pembuluh nadi yang
mengalirkan darah dari bilik kanan menuju ke paru-paru disebut dengan
arteri paru-paru (arteri pulmonalis).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh balik (vena)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh balik adalah merupakan pembuluh yang mengalirkan
darah kembali ke jantung. Vena terdiri atas vena pulmonalis atau pembuluh balik
yang mengalirkan darah dari paru-paru menuju ke serambi kiri jantung
serta vena cava superior dan vena cava inferior atau
yang mengalirkan darah yang banyak mengandung karbon dioksida dari tubuh bagian
atas dan bagian bawah menuju ke serambi kanan jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh kapiler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuluh
halus yang menghubungkan arteriole dan venule.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berikut ini bagan perbedaan antara
pembuluh nadi dan pembuluh balik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 127.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 351.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="beda vena dengan arteri" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran Darah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ada dua macam peredaran darah yaitu
peredaran darah kecil dan peredaran darah besar:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran darah kecil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran
darah kecil dimulai dari ventrikel kanan → arteri pulmonalis → paru-paru → vena
pulmonalis → atrium kiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diringkas
: jantung (bilik kanan) → paru-paru → jantung (serambi kiri)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran darah besar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peredaran
darah besar dimulai dari ventriker kiri → aorta → arteri → arteriole → kapiler
→ venule → vena → vena cava superior dan vena cava inferior → serambi kanan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diringkas :
jantung (bilik kanan) → seluruh tubuh → jantung (serambi kanan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>C. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Metode Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 1. Pendekatan : Pembelajaran kontekstual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 2. Metode : </span>teacher center dan tanya jawab.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 3. Model Pembelajaran : Pembelajaran langsung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>D. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 1. Kegiatan Pendahuluan</span> (5 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> a.
Motivasi</span> dan Apersepsi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -63.8pt;">
<span lang="ES"> </span>- siapa yang punya
jantung?apakah jantung anda berdetak?apa bedanya detak jantung kita pada saat
kita santai dan ketika kita tengah berlari?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -63.8pt;">
-
jantung itu sangat penting bagi manusia, jadi kita harus benar-benar
mejangganya agar kita selalu sehat dan dapat beraktifitas dengan baik, dengan
cara hidup sehat.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> b. Pengetahuan Prasyarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> Siswa telah memahami proses
pernafasan pada manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 2. Kegiatan Inti</span><span lang="ES"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Eksplorasi</i> (30 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
eksplorasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru bertanya kepada salah
satu siswa apa tujuan dari peredaran darah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru meminta siswa
menyebutkan alat-alat peredaran darah manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru menjelaskan macam
organ/alat peredaran darah manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru menggunakan torso
model jantung menjelaskan sistem peredaran darah kecil dan peredaran besar.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Elaborasi</i> ( 15 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
elaborasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi soal latihan berupa lembar kerja siswa (LKS) yang
telah di siapkan. Selama proses ini berlangsung guru mengawasi dan mengarahkan
siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. <span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Konfirmasi</i> ( 20 menit )<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan konfirmasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.0pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Beberapa peserta didik
secara acak diminta untuk menjawab soal yang telah dikerjakan, dan peserta
didik yang lain memberi menyimak serta mengoreksi jawaban masing-masing. Jika
dalam pengerjaan peserta didik tersebut ada kesalahan maka guru mengarahkan ke
jawaban yang benar melalui tanya jawab ke seluruh peserta didik.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK">3.
Kegiatan Penutup</span> (10 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
Dalam
kegiatan penutup, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru membimbing siswa untuk membuat kesimpulan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi tugas rumah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<b>E. </b><b><span lang="ES">Media Pembelajaran</span></b><span lang="ES"> </span><span lang="ES"> </span>: - <span lang="ES">Model</span>/carta sistem peredaran darah <span lang="ES">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 114.1pt 148.4pt 186.2pt;">
-
Botol aquades yang berisi air.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<b>F. </b><b><span lang="ES">Sumber Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 1.
Buku IPA Terpadu . <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 2.
Buku IPA yang relevan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 3.
Model / Charta organ peredaran darah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: 16.8pt;">
<b>G. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Penilaian</span>: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 100.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 557px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 28.05pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 122.35pt;" width="163">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Indikator Pencapaian
Kompetensi</span></b><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.2pt;" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Teknik Penilaian</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.6pt;" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Bentuk Instrumen</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.3pt;" width="158">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Instrumen/ Soal</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" width="67">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">skor</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 122.35pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 29.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 29.0pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Membandingkan organ-organ
penyusun sistem peredaran darah.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 29.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 29.0pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menjelaskan mekanisme peredaran darah pada manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 29.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 29.0pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Mengetahui bagian dan
fungsi dari masing-masing organ penyusun sistem peredaran darah.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.2pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.6pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes uraian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.3pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list 7.1pt 18.0pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan 2 alat/
organ-organ peredaran darah manusia!</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list 7.1pt 18.0pt 96.0pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan mekanisme sistem peredaran darah besar!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list 7.1pt 18.0pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan fungsi dari : </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 21.6pt; text-indent: -7.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Jantung (25)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 21.6pt; text-indent: -7.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Arteri (25)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 21.6pt; text-indent: -7.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Vena (25)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 14.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 21.55pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 4 ruang pada jantung.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
5</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
15</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
75</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
Palembang, <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
Mengetahui, Guru
Mata Pelajaran</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kepala MTs Negeri 1 Palembang<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 207.0pt;">
<b>Dra. Hj. Yeni Sufri Yani, M.Pd.
I Dra.
Hidayati</b> <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
NIP. 196708281994032002 NIP.
196409251993022001</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>LEMBAR KERJA SISWA<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>Soal :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo14; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan 2 alat/ organ-organ peredaran darah manusia!</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo14; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan mekanisme sistem
peredaran darah besar!</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo14; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan fungsi dari : </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Jantung </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Arteri </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Vena </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo14; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 4 ruang pada
jantung.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt;">
<b>Jawaban :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo12; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Alat-alat peredaran darah
manusia terdiri dari jantung dan pembuluh darah. Pembuluh darah terdiri atas
pembuluh darah vena (balik), arteri (nadi), dan pembuluh darah kapiler.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo12; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Mekanisme peredaran darah
besar :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.6pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Jantung ( bilik kiri) – arteri tubuh – jantung (serambi
kanan)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo12; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fungsi jantung, arteri, dan
vena :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Jantung berfungsi sebagai
pemompa dalam sistem peredaran darah (memompa darah)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Arteri adalah pembuluh
darah yang berfungsi mengalirkan darah dari jantung menuju kapiler.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Vena adalah pembuluh darah
yang berfungsi mengalirkan darah dari kapiler menuju jantung.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo12; tab-stops: list 14.2pt left 21.3pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>4 ruang pada jantung yaitu:
serambi kanan (atrium dekster), serambi kiri (atrium sinister), bilik kanan
(ventrikel dekster), dan bilik kiri (ventrikel sinister)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo12; tab-stops: list 14.2pt left 21.3pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="ES">RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>TAHUN
AJARAN 2013-2014<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Sekolah :</span>
MTs N 1 Palembang<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Mata Pelajaran : IPA Terpadu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Kelas / Semester : </span>VIII</b><b><span lang="ES"> / I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b><span lang="ES">Alokasi waktu : </span>1</b><b><span lang="ES"> X 40</span>menit</b><b> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; tab-stops: 243.0pt; text-indent: -136.9pt;">
<b>Pertemuan : 2 ( kedua )<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="ES">Standar Kompetensi </span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="ES">1.Memahami berbagai sistem dalam kehidupan manusia.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="ES">Kompetensi Dasar </span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="ES">1.6.</span><b><span lang="ES"> </span></b><span lang="ES">Mendiskripsikan sistem peredaran darah
pada manusia dan hubungannya dengan kesehatan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Tujuan Pembelajaran</b> : siswa dapat ;</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 120.5pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menuliskan 3 macam sel
darah pada manusia beserta salah satu fungsinya fungsinya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 120.5pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 4 macam
golongan darah pada manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 120.5pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan golongan darah
yang berperan sebagai donor universal dan resepien universal.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 120.5pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 3 contoh
kelainan/penyakit pada sistem peredaran darah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -216.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Karakter siswa yang diharapkan : </b><span lang="ES">Disiplin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt;">
Rasa ingin tahu<span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 202.3pt; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<span lang="ES">Rasa hormat dan perhatian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Tekun <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Tanggung jawab </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.6pt; text-indent: 27.4pt;">
<span lang="ES">Ketelitian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Materi Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<span lang="ES">Sistem transpor pada manusia dan hubungannya
dengan kesehatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Darah</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Darah adalah cairan yang
terdapat pada semua makhluk hidup(kecuali tumbuhan) tingkat tinggi yang berfungsi
mengirimkan zat-zat dan oksigen yang dibutuhkan oleh jaringan tubuh,mengangkut
bahan-bahan kimia hasil metabolisme, dan juga sebagai pertahanan tubuh terhadap
virus atau bakteri.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Komponen darah:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 270.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo4; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 2.0cm; text-indent: -227.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="a">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Plasma darah (cairan darah)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 270.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo4; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 2.0cm; text-indent: -227.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="a">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Sel-sel darah </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<span class="a"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Ada tiga macam sel darah yaitu: sel darah merah (eritrosit),
sel darah putih (leukosit), dan keping darah (trombosit).</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level8 lfo4; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 92.15pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Eritrosis (sel darah
merah), mengandung hemoglobin yang memberikan warna merahnya. Hemoglobin ini
mempunyai fungsi yaitu untuk mengikat oksigen serta mengedarkannya ke dalam
seluruh lapisan sel tubuh manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level8 lfo4; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 92.15pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Leukosit (sel darah putih),
tidak berwarna (bening). Berfungsi sebagai sistem pertahanan dan kekebalan
tubuh,yaitu memakan mikroorganisme dan zat asing yang masuk kedalam tubuh.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level8 lfo4; tab-stops: 7.1pt list 92.15pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Trombosit (keping darah),
berfungsi pada proses pembekuan darah ketika terjadi luka.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Golongan darah</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Karl
Landsteiner (Austria) pada tahun 1901 berpendapat bahwa darah dapat digolongkan
berdasar sistem ABO. Dalam sistem ini darah dapat digolongkan menjadi 4 yaitu:
golongan darah A, B, AB, dan O. Dalam penelitiannya Landsteiner menemukan
protein yang terdapat pada eritrosit manusia yang disebut aglutinogen. Ada dua
macam aglutinogen yaitu aglutinogen A dan aglutinogen B. Adapun pada plasma
darah (serum) ditemukan protein yang disebut aglutinin (antiaglutinogen), ada
dua macam yaitu aglutinin alfa (anti A) dan beta (anti B). Kandungan aglutin
dan aglutinogen, beserta donor darah:</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="8" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" width="93">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Donor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aglutinogen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 273.15pt;" width="364">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Resipien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 273.15pt;" width="364">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aglutinin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AB<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">β<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">α<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">αβ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AB<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.95pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.9pt;" width="96">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.45pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.7pt;" width="90">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" width="89">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">_<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Keterangan
: </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
+ = berarti menggumpal</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
- = berarti tidak menggumpal/cocok.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Kelainan pada sistem
peredaran darah</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Contoh
kelainan pada sistem peredaran darah manusia:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Hemofilia</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Kelainan pada darah berupa darah yang
sukar membeku. Hemofilia disebabkan oleh faktor genetis atau keturunan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Anemia (kurang darah)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Disebabkan kurangnya kandungan
hemoglobin (Hb) dalam sel darah merah, berkurangnya eritrosit dalam darah atau
berkurangnya volume darah dari ukuran yang normal.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Leukimia (kanker darah)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Bertambahnya sel darah putih yang tidak
terkendali.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Varises</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt;">
Pelebaran pembuluh darah.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Metode Pembelajaran</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 1. Pendekatan : Pembelajaran kontekstual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 2. Metode : </span>teacher center dan tanya jawab.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 3. Model Pembelajaran : Pembelajaran langsung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>D. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 1. Kegiatan Pendahuluan</span> (5 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> a. </span>Apersepsi</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.0pt 63.8pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siapa yang pernah terjatuh
lalu terluka/lecet<span lang="DE">?</span>ketika itu
apa yang terlihat?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt;">
<span lang="DE"> b. Pengetahuan Prasyarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt;">
<span lang="DE"> Siswa
telah memahami organ dan jaringan penyusun sistem transpor manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="DE"> 2. Kegiatan Inti</span> (30 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Eksplorasi<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
eksplorasi :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Dari kegiatan apersepsi
guru bertanya kepada siswa pengertian darah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa dan guru mengadakan
tanya jawab mengenai jenis-jenis sel darah beserta fungsinya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru menjelaskan tentang
macam-macam golongan darah beserta pendonorannya menggunakan carta.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru dan siswa bersama-sama
membahas kelainan pada sistem</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi kesempatan
kepada siswa tentang penjelsan materi yang kurang dimengerti.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Elaborasi<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
elaborasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi soal latihan berupa lembar kerja siswa (LKS) yang
telah di siapkan. Selama proses ini berlangsung guru mengawasi dan mengarahkan
siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. <span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Konfirmasi<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan konfirmasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.0pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Beberapa peserta didik
secara acak diminta untuk menjawab soal yang telah dikerjakan, dan peserta
didik yang lain memberi menyimak serta mengoreksi jawaban masing-masing. Jika
dalam pengerjaan peserta didik tersebut ada kesalahan maka guru mengarahkan ke
jawaban yang benar melalui tanya jawab ke seluruh peserta didik.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 3.
Kegiatan Penutup</span> (5 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
Dalam
kegiatan penutup, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>guru memberikan tugas
rumah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt 18.0pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b>E. </b><b><span lang="ES">Media Pembelajaran</span></b><span lang="ES"> </span> : -
carta; skema donor darah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<b> F. </b><b><span lang="ES">Sumber Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 1.
Buku IPA </span>SMP/MTs Kelas VIII.<span lang="ES"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 2.
Buku IPA yang relevan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -39.8pt;">
3. PR (LKS)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<b>G.</b> <b><span lang="NO-BOK">Penilaian</span>: </b><span lang="NO-BOK"> </span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FI">Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi</span></b><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IT">Teknik Penilaian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IT">Bentuk Instrumen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IT">Instrumen/ Soal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b>skor<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Membandingkan macam organ
penyusun sistem peredaran darah pada manusia</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menjelaskan fungsi jantung,
fungsi pembuluh darah dan darah dalam sistem peredaran darah</div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Mendata contoh penyakit
yang berhubungan dengan sistem peredaran darah yang biasa dijumpai dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari</div>
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Tes tulis</div>
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Tes uraian</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 160.75pt;" valign="top" width="214">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 16.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 16.9pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 3 macam sel darah
yang dimiliki oleh manusia beserta fungsinya!</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 16.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 4 macam golongan
darah pada manusia!</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan golongan darah
yang berperan sebagai donor universal dan resepien universal.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan 3 contoh
kelainan/ penyakit pada sistem peredaran darah manusia!</div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
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25</div>
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25</div>
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25</div>
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25</div>
</td>
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<span lang="ES"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Palembang, <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Mengetahui, Guru
Mata Pelajaran</div>
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Kepala MTs Negeri 1 Palembang<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Dra. Hj. Yeni Sufri Yani, M.Pd.
I Dra.
Hidayati</b> <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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NIP. 196708281994032002 NIP.
196409251993022001</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<b>Lembar Kerja Siswa<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 3 macam sel darah yang dimiliki oleh manusia beserta
fungsinya!</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 4 macam golongan darah pada manusia!</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan golongan darah yang berperan sebagai donor universal
dan resepien universal.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan 3 contoh kelainan/ penyakit pada sistem peredaran darah
manusia!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jawaban:</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>3 macam sel darah:</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Eritrosit (sel darah
merah), berfungsi mengangkut hemoglobin yang mengandung O<sub>2 </sub>dan CO<sub>2.</sub></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Leukosit (sel darah putih),
berfungsi dalam pertahanan dan kekebalan tubuh yaitu membunuh kuman dan zat asing
yang masuk dalam tubuh.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Trombosit (keping darah)
berfungsi, dalam pembekuan darah.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 216.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.3pt; text-indent: -208.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>4 macam golongan darah : A,B,AB,dan O</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Golongan darah yang termasuk resepien dan donor universal</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Donor universal : golongan
darah O</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Resepien universal :
golongan darah AB</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 216.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.3pt; text-indent: -208.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>3 contoh kelainan pada sistem peredaran darah:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Anemia</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tekanan darah tinggi</div>
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</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Leukimia</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>TAHUN
AJARAN 2013-2014<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Sekolah : </span>MTs N 1 Palembang<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Mata Pelajaran : IPA Terpadu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Kelas / Semester : VIII / I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES">Alokasi waktu : </span>4 </b><b><span lang="ES"> X 40</span>menit</b><b> ( 2x pertemuan)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Pertemuan : 1 (pertama)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">Standar Kompetensi</span></b><b><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1. </span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">Memahami berbagai sistem
dalam kehidupan manusia.</span><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">Kompetensi Dasar</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;"> 1.3.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">Mendiskripsikan
sistem gerak pada manusia dan hubungannya dengan kesehatan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Tujuan Pembelajaran</b> :
siswa dapat ;</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutka 2 organ penyusun gerak.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 3 macam berdasarkan bentuknya.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 2 macam tulang berdasarkan komponennya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo2; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 3 macam otot
berserta letaknya.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 3 macam persendian.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo2; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Menyebutkan 3 macam contoh kelainan/ penyakit pada sistem gerak.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -216.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Karakter siswa yang diharapkan : </b><span lang="ES">Disiplin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Rasa ingin tahu<span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES">Rasa hormat dan perhatian </span></div>
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<span lang="ES">Tekun <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES">Tanggung jawab </span></div>
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<span lang="ES">Ketelitian </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Materi Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Sistem Gerak Pada Manusia<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Gerak merupakan
suatu tanggapan makhluk hidup terhadap rangsangan dari lingkungan. Sistem gerak
pada manusia tersusun dari rangka dan otot. Otot disebut juga alat gerak aktif,
sedangkan rangka disebut alat gerak pasif karena rangka hanya dapat digerakan
oleh otot.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Rangka</div>
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Kerangka
(skeleton) manusia dapat dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok besar, yaitu skeleton
aksial dan skeleton apendikuler.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Tulang
Aksial<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Skeleton
aksial meliputi tengkorak, tulang belakang,<b> </b>tulang dada, dan tulang
rusuk. Tulang tengkorak terdiri<b> </b>atas 28 buah, semuanya berfungsi untuk
melindungi otak,<b> </b>mata, dan telinga bagian dalam. Sedangkan, tulang
belakang<b> </b>terdiri atas 33 ruas, masing-masing 7 ruas tulang belakang, 12<b>
</b>ruas tulang punggung, 5 ruas tulang kelangkang, dan 4 ruas<b> </b>tulang
ekor. Tulang belakang berfungsi untuk menyangga<b> </b>tengkorak dan sebagai
tempat melekatnya tulang rusuk.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Tulang
Apendikuler<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Tulang
apendikuler terdiri atas tulang anggota gerak<b> </b>atas (tungkai atas) dan
tulang anggota gerak bawah (tungkai<b> </b>bawah).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tungkai atas Tungkai atas terdiri atas
tulang selangka, tulang belikat, tulang lengan atas (humerus), tulang lengan
bawah yang terdiri atas tulang pengumpil (radius) dan hasta (ulna), pergelangan
tangan (karpal) berjumlah 8 buah, telapak tangan (metakarpal) berjumlah 5 buah,
dan ruas jari tangan (falanges) berjumlah 14 buah.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.65pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span> Tungkai bawah Anggota tungkai bawah
bersambungan dengan tulang aksial pada gelangan pinggul. Tungkai bawah terdiri
atas tulang pinggul atau pelvic, paha (femur), tempurung lutut (patela), tulang
kering (tibia), betis (fibula), ruas pergelangan kaki (tarsal) berjumlah 7
buah, telapak tangan (metatarsal) berjumlah 5 buah, dan ruas jari kaki (falanges)
berjumlah 14 ruas.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Bentuk
Tulang<o:p></o:p></div>
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Berdasarkan bentuknya, tulang dapat dibedakan menjadi
tiga macam, yaitu: tulang pipa, tulang pipih, dan tulang pendek.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Tulang
Pipa </b>Tulang pipa merupakan tulang yang
berbentuk bulat, memanjang seperti pipa, dan bagian tengahnya berlubang. Tulang
pipa terdiri atas tiga bagian, yaitu kedua ujung tulang (epifis), bagian tengah
(diafisis), dan cakraepifisis (antara epifisis dan diafisis). Di dalam tulang
pipa terdapat sumsum merah tempat pembuatan sel darah merah. Contohnya, tulang
paha dan tulang lengan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Tulang
Pipih </b>Tulang pipih memiliki bentuk gepeng dan
tipis. Contohnya, tulang belikat, tulang duduk, dan tulang tengkorak.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b> Tulang Pendek </b>Tulang pendek memiliki bentuk seperti dadu.
Contohnya, pada ruas-ruas pergelangan tangan dan kaki. Selain ketiga bentuk di
atas, terdapat tulang tak berbentuk, contohnya, tulang wajah dan ruas tulang
belakang.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Persendian<o:p></o:p></div>
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Persendian adalah jaringan penyambung antara tulang
yang satu dengan tulang yang lain untuk membentuk rangka tubuh. Pada persendian
terdapat cairan pelumas yang disebut cairan sinovia. Berdasarkan sifat geraknya
sendi dibagi menjadi tiga macam, yaitu sinartrosis, amfiartrosis, dan
diartrosis.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Sinartrosis </b>Sinartrosis adalah hubungan antartulang yang tidak
memungkinkan adanya pergerakan. Sinartrosis dibagi menjadi dua macam, yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sinkondrosis
Sinkondrosis adalah sendi yang kedua ujung tulangnya dihubungkan dengan tulang
rawan (kartilago). Contohnya, hubungan antara tulang rusuk dengan ruas tulang
dada dan hubungan ruas-ruas tulang belakang.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sinfibrosis
Sinfibrosis adalah sendi yang kedua ujung tulangnya dihubungkan dengan serabut.
Contohnya, hubungan antartulang tengkorak. Kemudian, serabut-serabut jaringan ikat
ini mengalami osifikasi (penulangan). Hubungan antartulang tengkorak disebut
sutura.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Amfiartrosis </b>Amfiartrosis adalah bentuk hubungan antartulang oleh
kartilago yang menyebabkan adanya sedikit gerakan. Amfiartrosis dibagi menjadi
dua macam, yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -3.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Simfisis
Pada simfisis, sendi dihubungkan oleh kartilago serabut yang pipih. Contohnya,
sendi antara tulang rusuk dengan tulang belakang yang menyebabkan kamu bisa
bernapas atau terjadi gerakan inspirasi dan ekspirasi.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sindesmosis
Pada sindesmosis, sendi dihubungkan oleh jaringan ikat serabut dan ligamen.
Contohnya, sendi antara tulangbetis dan tulang kering.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Diartrosis </b>Diartrosis adalah hubungan antara tulang yang satu dengan
tulang yang lain oleh persendian, sehingga bisa bergerak dengan leluasa.
Berdasarkan tipe gerakannya, persendian diartrosis dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa
macam, yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sendi engsel, jika gerak tulang yang
dihubungkan hanya bergerak satu arah. Contohnya, hubungan tulang pada lutut,
pada siku, dan tulang jari-jari. 2) Sendi putar, bila ujung tulang yang satu
bergerak mengitari ujung tulang yang lain. Contohnya, sendi antara tulang
tengkorak dengan tulang atlas yang menyebabkan kamu bisa menoleh dan
menggeleng, tulang sendi ini juga terdapat pada humerus dengan tulang
pengumpil.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sendi pelana, bila kedua ujung tulang
membentuk sendi seperti pelana. Contohnya, sendi pada ibu jari dan sendi antara
karpal dengan metakarpa.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sendi peluru, bila ujung yang satu
berbentuk bongkol seperti peluru yang masuk ke ujung tulang lainnya yang berbentuk
cekungan. Sendi ini menyebabkan gerakan yang lebih bebas. Contohnya, hubungan
antara tulang paha dengan tulang pinggul.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Fungsi
rangka :</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Memberi bentuk
pada tubuh<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Melindungi
alat-alat tubuh yang lunak seperti paru-paru, hati, otak, dan jantung,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tempat melekatnya
otot dan urat (alat gerak aktif),<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Untuk menguatkan
atau mengokohkan tubuh, dan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tempat untuk
membuat sel-sel darah merah (sumsum tulang belakang).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Otot</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .55pt;">
Otot disebut juga alat gerak aktif karena dapat
berkontraksi. Otot ini dapat menggerakkan tulang-tulang karena adanya kerjasama
otot yang menempel pada tulang-tulang tersebut.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .55pt;">
Otot memiliki tiga karakteristik, yaitu
kontraksibilitas, ekstensibilitas, dan elastisitas. Kontraksibilitas adalah
kemampuan otot untuk berkontraksi (mengerut) sehingga otot menjadi lebih
pendek. Ekstensibilitas adalah kemampuan otot untuk berelaksasi atau memanjang
dari ukuran semula. Sedangkan, elastisitas adalah kemampuan otot untuk dapat
kembali ke ukuran semula setelah berkontraksi. Saat otot kembali ke bentuk
semula, otot disebut dalam keadaan relaksasi. Otot dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga
jenis, yaitu otot polos, otot lurik, dan otot jantung.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Otot Lurik </b>Otot lurik memiliki susunan berupa serabut-serabut panjang
yang mengandung banyak inti sel dan tampak adanya bagian yang terang diselingi
bagian gelap yang melintang. Oleh karena itu, otot lurik disebut juga otot
serat melintang. Umumnya, otot lurik melekat pada rangka sehingga sering
disebut juga otot rangka. Otot lurik terdiri atas serabut-serabut halus yang
disebut miofibril, memiliki banyak inti, dan memiliki warna polos dengan
sitoplasma yang bening. Cara kerjanya dipengaruhi oleh kesadaran atau<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .55pt;">
saraf sadar dan tidak tahan kelelahan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Otot Polos </b>Otot polos sangat berbeda dengan otot lurik karena
tidak memiliki serat gelap dan terang. Otot polos memiliki sel-sel berbentuk
gelendong dan terdapat sebuah inti di tengah sel. Karakteristik otot polos
adalah gerakannya di bawahpengaruh saraf tak sadar, reaksinya lambat, tetapi
mampu berkontraksi dalam waktu lama dan tidak cepat mengalami kelelahan. Otot
polos terdapat pada saluran alat-alat dalam, seperti saluran pernapasan,
saluran pencernaan, pembuluh darah, dan getah bening.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b> Otot Jantung </b>Otot jantung atau miokardium hanya terdapat pada dinding
jantung. Otot jantung memiliki ciri-ciri seperti otot lurik (memiliki serat
gelap dan terang), tetapi cara kerjanya seperti otot polos (dipengaruhi saraf
tak sadar). Kerja otot jantung berkaitan erat dengan fungsi jantung untuk memompa
darah ke seluruh tubuh.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Kelainan pada tulang dan
otot<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .55pt;">
Gangguan pada sistem gerak berupa kelainan atau penyakit
pada alat gerak seperti tulang, persendian, dan otot.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .55pt;">
<b>Gangguan Tulang<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Gangguan tulang meliputi:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Retak Tulang </b>Retak tulang dibedakan menjadi beberapa macam, yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 52.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fraktura
sederhana, apabila tulang yang retak tidak sampai melukai otot.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 52.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i>Greenstick
</i>(retak tak lengkap), apabila tulang
hanya retak dan sebagian tidak sampai memisah.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 52.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fraktura
tertutup, apabila tulang yang patah menyebabkan otot terluka, tetapi tidak
keluar dari kulit.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fraktura
terbuka, apabila tulang yang patah sampai mencuat keluar kulit.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 41.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Rakhitis
</b>Rakhitis adalah penyakit tulang menjadi
rapuh karenakekurangan vitamin D. Penderita gangguan ini memiliki tulang kaki
berbentuk X atau O.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 41.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Hidrosefalus
</b>Hidrosefalus adalah kelainan yang
disebabkan oleh pengumpulan yang abnormal dari cairan spinal dan terjadi pelebaran
rongga otak sehingga kepala membesar.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 41.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Mikrosepalus
</b>Mikrosepalus adalah kelainan yang
disebabkan oleh terhambatnya pertumbuhan tulang tengkorak karena kekurangan zat
kapur pada waktu bayi. Hal ini menyebabkan kepala menjadi kecil.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 41.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Osteoporosis
</b>Osteoporosis adalah gangguan tulang
karena reabsorpasi bahan tulang terhambat. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kekuranga hormon
kelamin pria atau wanita.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 41.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Gangguan
pada Tulang Belakang </b>Gangguan pada
tulang terjadi karena kedudukan tulang belakang bergeser dari kedudukan normal.
Kelainan pada tulang belakang ada beberapa macam, yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i>Kifosis</i>, jika tulang punggung melengkung ke belakang, sehingga
penderita kelihatan bungkuk<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i>koliosis</i>, jika tulang belakang melengkung ke arah samping,
sehingga badan tampak melengkung ke kiri atau ke kanan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i>Lordosis</i>, jika tulang belakang melengkung ke depan yang menyebabkan kepala tertarik ke belakang.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .55pt;">
<b>Gangguan
Persendian </b>Gangguan persendian dapat dibedakan
menjadi<b> </b>beberapa macam, yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -10.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Dislokasi </b>Dislokasi adalah pergeseran kedudukan sendi karena sobek
atau tertariknya ligamen.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -10.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Keseleo </b>Keseleo adalah gangguan persendian karena
tertariknya ligamen sendi oleh gerakan tiba-tiba atau yang tidak biasa dilakukan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -10.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Ankilosis </b>Ankilosis adalah keadaan sendi tidak dapat digerakkan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -10.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Artritis </b>Artritis atau infeksi sendi, yaitu gangguan sendi
karena pera-dangan pada sendi. Artritis dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa macam,
yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i>Reumatoid</i>, yaitu penyakit kronis pada jaringan penghubung
sendi.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i>Ostevartritis</i>, yaitu penyakit sendi karena menipisnya tulang
rawan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i>Gautartritis</i>, yaitu gangguan gerak karena kegagalan metabolisme
asam urat.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b>Gangguan
Otot </b>Beberapa gangguan pada otot, antara lain:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Kejang Otot </b>Kejang otot adalah gangguan otot karena
melakukanaktivitas terus-menerus, sampai akhirnya otot tidak mampulagi
berkontraksi karena kehabisan energi.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Atropi </b>Atropi adalah gangguan otot karena otot mengecil sehingga
kemampuan untuk berkontraksi hilang.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Hipertropi </b>Hipertropi adalah keadaan otot menjadi lebih besar dan
kuat karena sering dilatih. Hal ini terjadi pada tubuh atlet, misalnya
binaragawan, atlet angkat besi, dan atlet sepakbola.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Tetanus </b>Tetanus adalah kejang otot yang disebabkan oleh
toksin yang dihasilkan oleh <i>Clostridium tetani</i>.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Kaku Leher atau <i>Stiff </i></b>Kaku leher terjadi karena otot leher mengalami peradangan
akibat gerakan atau hambatan yang salah sehingga leher terasa kaku.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Hernia Abdominalis </b>Hernia abdominalis adalah sobeknya otot dinding perut
yang lemah sehingga usus melorot masuk ke rongga perut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>C. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Metode Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 1. Pendekatan : Pembelajaran kontekstual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 2. Metode : </span>teacher center dan tanya jawab.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK"> 3. Model Pembelajaran : Pembelajaran langsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b>D.</b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b><i>Pertemuan
pertama:<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES">1. Kegiatan
Pendahuluan</span> (5 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> a. </span>Apersepsi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -63.8pt;">
<span lang="ES"> </span>Siapa yang masih
ingat salah satu ciri makhlik hidup itu adalah bergerak? Ayo apa yang dimaksud
dengan gerak?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> b. Pengetahuan Prasyarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> </span>Siswa mengetahui ciri
makhluk hidup yaitu : bergerak.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 2. Kegiatan Inti</span><span lang="ES"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Eksplorasi</i> (35 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
eksplorasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Memfasilitasi terjadinya
diskusi antar siswa tentang definisi gerak.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Dengan menggunakan carta
sistem gerak guru menjelaskan penyusun sistem gerak pada manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa diberi kesempatan
untuk bertanya mengenai materi yang belum jelas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa dibagi menjadi beberapa
kelompok untuk mendiskusikan tentang macam-macam tulang, otot, serta
kelainannya baik pada tulang maupun pada otot. Selama proses berlangsung guru
memberi arahan pada kelompok yang mengalami kesulitan dalam diskusinya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Elaborasi</i> (20 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
elaborasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Setiap siswa ditunjuk sebagai perwakilan kelompok untuk
mempresentasikan hasil diskusinya. Sedangkan siswa yang lainnya menanggapi baik
bertanya maupun menambahkan penjelasan yang kurang lengkap.<span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Konfirmasi</i> ( 10 menit )<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan konfirmasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.0pt; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru menambahkan hal-hal
yang belum di bahas atau kurang jelas pada presentasi setiap kelompok.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK">3.
Kegiatan Penutup</span> (10 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
Dalam
kegiatan penutup, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru membimbing siswa untuk membuat kesimpulan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru meminta siswa membaca
materi selanjutnya, yaitu tentang sendi.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<b><i>Pertemuan
kedua :<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 1. Kegiatan Pendahuluan</span> (5 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> a. Motivasi</span> dan Apersepsi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -63.8pt;">
<span lang="ES"> </span>Siswa diingatkan
kembali tentang materi pada pertemuan pertama.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> b. Pengetahuan Prasyarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 54.0pt; text-indent: -.8pt;">
<span lang="ES"> </span>Siswa mengetahui organ penyusun
gerak.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 2. Kegiatan Inti</span><span lang="ES"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Eksplorasi</i> 35 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
eksplorasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Dengan menggunakan carta
sistem gerak guru menjelaskan persendian pada manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Untuk memperjelas
penjelasan guru salah satu siswa diminta maju kedepan kelas untuk menjadi
peraga, tentang macam-macam sendi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa diberi kesempatan
untuk menanyakan materi yang kurang dimengerti dari penjelasan guru.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Elaborasi</i> ( 20 menit)<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan
elaborasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi soal latihan berupa lembar kerja siswa (LKS) yang
telah di siapkan. Selama proses ini berlangsung guru mengawasi dan mengarahkan
siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. <span lang="ES"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i>Konfirmasi</i> ( 10 menit )<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Dalam kegiatan konfirmasi, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.0pt; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Beberapa peserta didik
secara acak diminta untuk menjawab soal yang telah dikerjakan, dan peserta
didik yang lain memberi menyimak serta mengoreksi jawaban masing-masing. Jika
dalam pengerjaan peserta didik tersebut ada kesalahan maka guru mengarahkan ke
jawaban yang benar melalui tanya jawab ke seluruh peserta didik.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="NO-BOK">3.
Kegiatan Penutup</span> (10 menit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
Dalam
kegiatan penutup, guru:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru membimbing siswa untuk membuat kesimpulan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 66.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">F<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Guru memberi tugas rumah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<b>E. </b><b><span lang="ES">Media Pembelajaran</span></b><span lang="ES"> </span> :
- <span lang="ES">Model</span>/carta sistem gerak
pada manusia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt;">
<b>F. </b><b><span lang="ES">Sumber Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 1.
Buku IPA</span> SMP/MTs Kelas VIII<span lang="ES"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 2.
Buku IPA yang relevan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="ES"> 3.
Model / </span>carta sistem gerak.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -.55pt;">
4. PR (LKS)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<b>G. </b><b><span lang="NO-BOK">Penilaian</span>: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 54.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 628px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 28.05pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 114.25pt;" width="152">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Indikator Pencapaian
Kompetensi</span></b><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Teknik Penilaian</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Bentuk Instrumen</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.35pt;" width="222">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Instrumen/ Soal</span></b><b><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">skor</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 114.25pt;" valign="top" width="152">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Membandingkan macam organ penyusun sistem gerak pada manusia <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mengetahui macam—macam tulang penyusun rangka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mengidentifikasi macam otot berdasarkan letaknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mengidentifikasi macam sendi dan fungsinya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 15.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 15.45pt 36.0pt; text-indent: -15.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mendata contoh kelainan dan penyakit yang berkaitan dengan tulang dan
otot yang biasa dijumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Tes tulis</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; tab-stops: 34.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes
uraian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes uraian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Tes uraian</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.35pt;" valign="top" width="222">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 25.0pt; text-indent: -17.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutka 2 organ penyusun
gerak. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 25.0pt; text-indent: -17.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 3 macam tulang berdasarkan
bentuknya. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 25.0pt; text-indent: -17.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 2 macam tulang
berdasarkan komponennya. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 25.0pt; text-indent: -17.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tuliskan 3 macam otot berserta letaknya. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 25.0pt; text-indent: -17.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 3 macam persendian. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 25.0pt; text-indent: -17.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sebutkan 3 macam contoh
kelainan/ penyakit pada sistem gerak. (25)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 6.75pt; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: center;">
10</div>
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Palembang, <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Mengetahui, Guru
Mata Pelajaran</div>
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Kepala MTs Negeri 1 Palembang<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Dra. Hj. Yeni Sufri Yani, M.Pd.
I Dra.
Hidayati</b> <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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NIP. 196708281994032002 NIP.
196409251993022001<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-69362101561430041382012-11-27T07:12:00.001-08:002012-11-27T07:38:16.558-08:00laporan Aves (burung merpati)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Filum chordata memiliki beberapa kelas yang hidup mendominasi
kingdom animalia, antara lain adalah kelas aves. Aves merupakan chordata yang
tubuhnya ditutupi oleh bulu. Bulu-bulu ini adalah modifikasi dari sisik yang
ditemukan pada reptilia. Selain bulu, morfologi tubuh yang mencolok pada aves
adalah alat gerak tubuh depannya berupa sayap yang berfungsi untuk terbang.
Sayap pada aves merupakan homolog dari kaki depan pada reptilia dan mamalia
yang tersusun atas radius, ulna, humerus, tarsus, dan metatarsus. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Burung masa kini telah berkembang
sedemikian rupa sehingga terspesialisasi untuk terbang jauh, dengan
perkecualian pada beberapa jenis yang primitif. Bulu-bulunya, terutama di
sayap, telah tumbuh semakin lebar, ringan, kuat dan bersusun rapat. Bulu-bulu ini
juga bersusun demikian rupa sehingga mampu menolak air, dan memelihara tubuh
burung tetap hangat di tengah udara dingin. Tulang belulangnya menjadi semakin
ringan karena adanya rongga-rongga udara di dalamnya, namun tetap kuat menopang
tubuh. Tulang dadanya tumbuh membesar dan memipih, sebagai tempat perlekatan
otot-otot terbang yang kuat. Gigi-giginya menghilang, digantikan oleh paruh
ringan dari zat tanduk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesemuanya itu menjadikan burung
menjadi lebih mudah dan lebih pandai terbang, dan mampu mengunjungi berbagai
macam habitat di muka bumi. Ratusan jenis burung dapat ditemukan di hutan-hutan
tropis, mereka menghuni hutan-hutan ini dari tepi pantai hingga ke
puncak-puncak pegunungan. Burung juga ditemukan di rawa-rawa, padang rumput,
pesisir pantai, tengah lautan, gua-gua batu, perkotaan, dan wilayah kutub.
Masing-masing jenis beradaptasi dengan lingkungan hidup dan makanan utamanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maka dikenal berbagai jenis burung
yang berbeda-beda warna dan bentuknya. Ada yang warnanya cerah cemerlang atau
hitam legam, yang hijau daun, coklat gelap atau burik untuk menyamar, dan
lain-lain. Ada yang memiliki paruh kuat untuk menyobek daging, mengerkah biji
buah yang keras, runcing untuk menombak ikan, pipih untuk menyaring lumpur,
lebar untuk menangkap serangga terbang, atau kecil panjang untuk mengisap
nektar. Ada yang memiliki cakar tajam untuk mencengkeram mangsa, cakar pemanjat
pohon, cakar penggali tanah dan serasah, cakar berselaput untuk berenang, cakar
kuat untuk berlari dan merobek perut musuhnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Burung berkembang biak dengan
bertelur. Telur burung mirip telur reptil, hanya cangkangnya lebih keras karena
berkapur. Beberapa jenis burung seperti burung maleo dan burung gosong,
menimbun telurnya di tanah pasir yang bercampur serasah, tanah pasir pantai
yang panas, atau di dekat sumber air panas. Alih-alih mengerami, burung-burung
ini membiarkan panas alami dari daun-daun membusuk, panas matahari, atau panas
bumi menetaskan telur-telur itu; persis seperti yang dilakukan kebanyakan
reptil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akan tetapi kebanyakan burung
membuat sarang, dan menetaskan telurnya dengan mengeraminya di sarangnya itu.
Sarang bisa dibuat secara sederhana dari tumpukan rumput, ranting, atau batu;
atau sekedar kaisan di tanah berpasir agar sedikit melekuk, sehingga telur yang
diletakkan tidak mudah terguling. Namun ada pula jenis-jenis burung yang
membuat sarangnya secara rumit dan indah, atau unik, seperti jenis-jenis manyar
alias tempua, rangkong, walet, dan namdur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Praktikum ini menggunakan aves dari ordo Columbiformes yaitu
Columba livia .Spesies tersebut diamati secara morfologi dan anatomi.
Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan untuk mengetahui bentuk paruh, kepala, ekor,
bulu, dan kaki. Selain itu, juga dilakukan pembedahan guna melakukan pengamatan
untuk mengetahui anatomi aves adapun bagian-bagian yang diamati yaitu sistem
digestori;mulai dari bagian cavum oris sampai saluran pembuanganya, bentuk
susunan otot pada paha,system urogenital;pada pengamatan ini hanya membedakan
organ vital jantan dan organ vital betina, dan sistem saraf.</span></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rumusan
Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berangkat
dari latar belakang kami ambil rumusan masalahnya yaitu” bagaimana struktur
morfologi dan anatomi beserta fungsinya pada burung merpati</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tujuan
Praktikum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun
tujuan dari praktikum ini yaitu untuk mengetahui “bagaimana strukur morfologi
dan anatomi beserta fungsi-fungsi organ pada burung merpati”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.1 Aves<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kata
aves berasal dari bahasa latin yang dipakai sebagai nama kelas, sdang ornis
berasal dari bahasa Yunani, dipakai dalam “ornithology” memiliki arti ilmu yang
mempelajari burung-burung. Aves adalah hewan yang paling banyak dikenal orang
karena dapat dilihat dimana-mana, aktif pada siang hari dan unik dalam memiliki
bulu sebagai penutup tubuh. Aves juga mampu diternakkan sehingga dapat
meningkatkan peluang usaha bagi masyarakat.<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Kelas aves (burung) berevolusi
selama radiasi reptilia yang sangat hebat pada masa zaman mesozoikum. Telur
amniotik dan sisik pada kaki hanyalah dua diantara semua cirri khas reptilia
yang kita temukan pada burung. Akan tetapi burung modern tampak sangat berbeda
dari reptilia modern karena memiliki bulu dan perkakas terbang lainnya yang
khas.<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.2 ciri-ciri
Aves<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Burung berdarah panas dan berkembang biak melalui telur. Tubuhnya
tertutup bulu dan memiliki bermacam-macam adaptasi untuk terbang. Kedua tungkai
depannya telah berubah menjadi sayap<b>.</b></span><a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karakteristik :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tubuh
tertutup dengan bulu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dua
pasang anggota gerak, sepasang anterior umumnya mengalami modifikasi menjadi
sayap untuk terbang, sepasang posterior diadaptasikan untuk berjalan,
bertengger atau berenang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rangka
ringan, kuat osifikasi sempurna, beberapa tulang berfusi menimbulkan kekakuan,
mulut dengan paruh yang menonjol diselaputi zat tanduk, tidak bergigi pada
burung yang hdup sekarang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jantung
dengan empat ruang pompa, dua atrium,
dua ventrikel yang terpisah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Respirasi
dengan paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Duabelas
pasang saraf kranialis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Eksresi
dengan ginjal metanefros.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Suhu tubuh pada dasarnya konstan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fertilisasi interal.<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merpati<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merpati Karang (<i>Columba livia</i>)
adalah anggota dari familia </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">burung</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbidae</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merpati_Domestik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Merpati Domestik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Merpati Domestik</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah
spesies ini, dan merpati domestik yang bebas dianggap sebagai </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merpati_liar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Merpati liar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">merpati liar</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam pemakaian umum, burung ini
sering secara singkat dinggap seperti "merpati". Spesies ini juga
dikenal sebagai Dara Karang, yang merupakan nama resmi yang digunakan </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Ornithologists%27_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" title="British Ornithologists' Union (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">British Ornithologists' Union</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Ornithologists%27_Union" title="American Ornithologists' Union"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">American
Ornithologists' Union</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> hingga tahun 2004 ketika mereka mengubah
daftar resmi burung menjadi Merpati Karang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi ilmiah:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerajaan :
</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Animalia</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Filum : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Chordata</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Kelas : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Aves</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Ordo : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbiformes" title="Columbiformes"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbiformes</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Famili : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbidae</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Genus : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columba_%28genus%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Columba (genus) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columba</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Spesies : <i>C. livia<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></b></span></a></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Morfologi Burung <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 1: (</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.infovisual.info/02/053_en.html(28-12-011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.infovisual.info/02/053_en.html(28-12-011)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Tubuh burung
dibedakan atas caput(kepala), cervix(leher) yang biasanya panjang, truncus
(badan) dan cauda (ekor). Sepasang extremitas anterior merupakan ala (sayap)
yang terlipat seperti huruf Z pada tubuh
waktu tidak terbang. Extremitas posterior berupa kaki, otot daging paha kuat,
sedang bagian bawahnya bersisik dan bercakar. Mulut mempunyai rostum (paruh)
yang terbentuk oleh maxilla pada ruang atas dan mandibula pada ruang bawah.
Bagian dalam rostum dilapisi oleh lapisan yang disebut cera, sedang sebelah
luar dilapisi oleh pembungkus selaput zat tanduk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada atap paruh
atas terdapat lubang hidung (nares interna pada sebelah dalam dan nares externa
sebelah luar). Organon visus relatif besar dan terletak sebelah lateral pada
kepala dengan kelopak mata yang berbulu. Pada sudut medial terdapat membrana
nicitan yang dapat ditarik menutup mata. Di belakang dan di bawah tiap-tiap mata
terdapat lubang telinga yang tersembunyi di bawah bulu khusus. Di bawah ekor
terdapat anus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Struktur Bulu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulu adalah ciri khas kelas aves yang tidak dimiliki oleh
vertebrata lain. Hampir seluruh tubuh aves ditutupi oleh bulu, yang secara
filogenetik berasal dari epidermal tubuh, yang pada reptile serupa dengan
sisik. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Secara embriologis bulu aves bermula dari papil dermal yang selanjutnya mencuat
menutupi epidermis. Dasar bulu itu melekuk ke dalam pada tepinya sehingga
terbentuk folikulus yang merupakan lubang bulu pada kulit. Selaput epidermis
sebelah luar dari kuncup bulu menanduk dan membentuk bungkus yang halus, sedang
epidermis membentuk lapisan penyusun rusuk bulu.Sentral kuncup bulu mempunyai
bagian epidermis yang lunak dan mengandung pembuluh darah sebagai pembawa
zat-zat makanan dan proses pengeringan pada perkembangan selanjutnya (Jasin,
1984).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan susunan anatomis bulu dibagi menjadi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Filoplumae,
Bulu-bulu kecil mirip rambut tersebar di seluruh tubuh. Ujungnya bercabang-cabang
pendek dan halus. Jika diamati dengan seksama akan tampak terdiri dari shaft
yang ramping dan beberapa barbulae di puncak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumulae,
Berbentuk berbentuk hampir sama dengan filoplumae dengan perbedaan detail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumae,
Bulu yang sempurna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbulae,
Ujung dan sisi bawah tiap barbulae memiliki filamen kecil disebut barbicels
yang berfungsi membantu menahan barbula yang saling bersambungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Susunan plumae terdiri dari :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Shaft (tangkai), yaitu poros utama bulu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Calamus, yaitu tangkai pangkal bulu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Rachis, yaitu
lanjutan calamus yang merupakan sumbu bulu yang tidak berongga di dalamnya.
Rachis dipenuhi sumsum dan memiliki jaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Vexillum, yaitu bendera yang tersusun atas
barbae yang merupakan cabang-cabang lateral dari rachis. Lubang pada pangkal
calamus disebut umbilicus inferior, sedangkan lubang pada ujung calamus disebut
umbilicus superior. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulu burung
pada saat menetas disebut neossoptile, sedangkan setelah dewasa disebut
teleoptile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut letaknya, bulu aves dibedakan menjadi:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tectrices, bulu yang menutupi badan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rectrices, bulu yang berada pada pangkal ekor, vexilumnya
simetris dan berfungsi sebagai kemudi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Remiges, bulu pada sayap yang dibagi lagi menjadi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Remiges primarie yang melekatnya secara digital pada
digiti dan secara metacarpal pada metacarpalia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Remiges secundarien yang melekatnya secara cubital pada
radial ulna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Remiges tertier yang terletak paling dalam nampak sebagai
kelanjutan sekunder daerah siku.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Parapterum, bulu yang menutupi daerah bahu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ala spuria, bulu kecil yang menempel pada ibu jari (Jasin, 1984).<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Anatomi Burung Merpati<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem Digestori<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tractus
digestivus terdiri atas paruh, covum oris; yang di dalamnya terdapat lingua
kecil runcing yang dibungkus oleh lapisan zat tanduk. Sebagai lanjutannya
adalah pharynx yang pendek, kemudian œsophagus yang panjang dan beberapa burung
terjadi perluasan yang disebut crop, sebagai tempat penimbunan bahan makanan sementara
dan pelunakan. Dari crop masuk saluran yang sering disebut gizard.
Proventriculus menghasilkan cairan lambung (asam) sedangkan ventriculus
berdinding tebal berlapis jaringan epitel yang keras sebelah dalam yang
menghasilkan sekresi. Di dalam gizard sering terdapat batu kerikil yang
berfungsi membantu penggilingan makanan. Oleh karena itu beberapa jenis burung
sengaja menelan batu kerikil, sebagai pengganti tugas gigi yang tidak dimiliki
oleh burung. Dari lambung akan dilanjutkan oleh intestinum yang terbagi atas
bagian halus dan bagian akhir adalah rectum dan kemudian cloaca dan yang
terakhir adalah anus. Pada intestinum terdapat rumbai-rumbai sebagai cæcum yang
merupakan saluran buntu. Di sebelah dorsal cloaca terdapat suatu bursa fabricii
pada hewan yang masih muda. Fungsi yang sebenarnya belum diketahui, hanya yang
jelas penting untuk determinasi. Hepar sebagai salah satu kelenjar pencernaan
relatif besar, bewarna merah coklat dengan beberapa lobi. Pada beberapa aves
memiliki vesica fellea sebagai penampung billus. Pada burung merpati vesica
fellea tidak ada. Glandulæ pancreaticus biasanya memiliki tiga saluran yang
menyalurkan sekresinya ke intestinum. Sehubungan dengan makanan, terjadi
adaptasi paruh (Jasin, 1992).<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
Urogenital</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alat ekskresi
berupa ren yang relatif besar, bewarna merah coklat, tertutup oleh peritonium
(retroperitonial). Tiap-tiap ren terbagi atas 4 lobi. Dari dataran ren adalah
ventral keluar ureter yang sempit menuju ke cauda dan berakhir pada cloaca.
Daeah yang berasal dari arteri renalis akan disaring secara filtratis. Zat-zat
yang tidak berguna dalam darah terutama berupa ureum akan dibuang dalam proses
filtrasi ini (Jasin, 1992).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ginjal bertipe
metanefros berwarna coklat tua. Saluran ureter bermuara langsung pada kloaka
dan tidak ada kandung kemih. Ekskret semi solid (mengandung urat). Kelenjar
adrenal sepasang, pada pertukaran ventral ginjal. Sekret dari gonad mengatur
karakteristik seksual sekunder (bulu, jengger, dan gembel). Fertilisasi terjadi
di dalam. Ovarium hanya satu yang sebelah kiri. Sebelum telur dikeluarkan
mendapat penutup albumin dan cangkang dalam oviduk, maka inkubasi adalah 16-18
hari (Brotowidjoyo, 1989). Pada hewan jantan terdapat sepasang testis yang
bulat berwarna putih, melekat di sebelah anterior dari ren dengan suatu alat
penggantung. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Testis di sebelah kanan lebih kecil dari pada yang kiri. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dari masing-masing testis terjulur saluran vasa diferensia sejajar
dengan ureter yang berawal dari ren. Pada sebagian aves, memiliki vesicula
seminalis yang merupakan gelembung kecil bersifat kelenjar dan bagi tempat
menampung sementara sperma sebelum dituangkan melalui pupil yang terletak pada
kloaka. Pada hewan betina terdapat sepasang ovari, hanya yang dekskum mengalami
atrophis (mengecil dan tidak bekerja lagi). Dari ovari menjulur oviduct panjang
berkelok-kelok, berlubang pada bagian cronial dengan bentuk corong. Lubang
oviduct disebut ostium abdomanalis. Fertilisasi terjadi di dalam tubuh dengan
jalan mengadakan kopulasi (Jasin, 1992). Waktu copulatio, maka proctoduea dari
kedua jenis burung saling tempel kuat-kuat, sehingga sperma yang keluar pada
ejaculatio langsung masuk ke dalam proctodoeum yang betina, untuk kemudian
menuju oviduct. Organ reproduksi betina hanya terdiri dari satu ovarium sebelah
kiri. Tuba merupakan oviduct bagian rustral, terdapat kelenjar (Soewasono,
1989).<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">System Penrnapasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem
pernapasan pada hewan menyusui dan burung bekerja dengan cara yang sepenuhnya
berbeda, terutama karena burung membutuhkan oksigen dalam jumlah yang jauh
lebih besar dibandingkan yang dibutuhkan hewan menyusui. Sebagai contoh, burung
tertentu bisa memerlukan dua puluh kali jumlah oksigen yang dibutuhkan oleh
manusia. Karenanya, paru-paru hewan menyusui tidak dapat menyediakan oksigen
dalam jumlah yang dibutuhkan burung. Itulah mengapa paru-paru burung diciptakan
dengan rancangan yang jauh berbeda.<br />
Pada hewan menyusui, aliran udara adalah dua arah: udara melalui jaringan
saluran-saluran, dan berhenti di kantung-kantung udara yang kecil. Pertukaran
oksigen-karbon dioksida terjadi di sini. Udara yang sudah digunakan mengalir
dalam arah berlawanan meninggalkan paru-paru dan dilepaskan melalui
tenggorokan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebaliknya,
pada burung, aliran udara cuma satu arah. Udara baru datang pada ujung yang
satu, dan udara yang telah digunakan keluar melalui lubang lainnya. Hal ini
memberikan persediaan oksigen yang terus-menerus bagi burung, yang memenuhi
kebutuhannya akan tingkat energi yang tinggi. Michael Denton, seorang ahli
biokimia Australia serta kritikus Darwinisme yang terkenal menjelaskan paru-paru
unggas sebagai berikut: Dalam hal burung, bronkhus (cabang batang tenggorokan
yang menuju paru-paru) utama terbelah menjadi tabung-tabung yang sangat kecil
yang tersebar pada jaringan paru-paru. Bagian yang disebut parabronkhus ini
akhirnya bergabung kembali, membentuk sebuah sistem peredaran sesungguhnya
sehingga udara mengalir dalam satu arah melalui paru-paru. Meskipun
kantung-kantung udara juga terbentuk pada kelompok reptil tertentu, bentuk
paru-paru burung dan keseluruhan fungsi sistem pernapasannya sangat berbeda.
Tidak ada paru-paru pada jenis hewan bertulang belakang lain yang dikenal, yang
mendekati sistem pada unggas dalam hal apa pun. Bahkan, sistem ini mirip hingga
seluk-beluk khususnya pada semua burung. Aves bernafas dengan paru-paru yang
berhubungan dengan kantong udara (sakus pneumatikus) yang menyebar sampai ke
leher, perut dan sayap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kantong
udara terdapat pada : Pangkal leher (servikal)<br />
• Ruang dada bagian depan (toraks anterior)<br />
• Antar tulang selangka (korakoid)<br />
• Ruang dada bagian belakang (toraks posterior)<br />
• Rongga perut (saccus abdominalis)<br />
• Ketiak (saccus axillaris)<br />
Fungsi kantong udara :<br />
• Membantu pernafasan terutama saat terbang<br />
• Menyimpan cadangan udara (oksigen)<br />
• Memperbesar atau memperkecil berat jenis pada saat burung berenang<br />
• Mencegah hilangnya panas tubuh yang terlalu banyak<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Paru-Paru Khusus Pada Burung Burung mempunyai
bentuk tubuh yang jauh berbeda dengan binatang yang dianggap sebagai nenek
moyangnya, reptil. Paru-paru burung bekerja dengan cara yang sama sekali
berbeda dengan hewan menyusui. Hewan menyusui menghirup dan membuang udara
melalui batang tenggorokan yang sama. Namun pada burung, udara masuk dan keluar
melalui ujung yang berlawanan. "Rancangan" khusus semacam ini
diciptakan untuk memberikan volume udara yang diperlukan saat terbang. Evolusi
bentuk seperti ini dari reptil tidaklah mungkin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inspirasi
: udara kaya oksigen masuk ke paru-paru. Otot antara tulang rusuk (interkosta)
berkontraksi sehingga tulang rusuk bergerak ke luar dan tulang dada membesar.
Akibatnya teklanan udara dada menjadi kecil sehingga udara luar yang kaya
oksigen akan masuk. Udara yang masuk sebagian kecil menuju ke paru-paru dan
sebagian besar menuju ke kantong udara sebagai cadangan udara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekspirasi
: otot interkosta relaksasi sehingga tulang rusuk dan tulang dada ke posisi
semula. Akibatnya rongga dada mengecil dan tekanannya menjadi lebih besar dari
pada tekanan udara luar. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ini menyebabkan udara dari paru-paru
yang kaya karbondioksida ke luar.<br />
Aliran udara searah dalam paru-paru burung didukung oleh suatu sistem kantung
udara. Kantung-kantung ini mengumpulkan udara dan memompanya secara teratur ke
dalam paru-paru. Dengan cara ini, selalu ada udara segar dalam paru-paru.
Sistem pernafasan yang rumit seperti ini telah diciptakan untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan burung akan jumlah oksigen yang tinggi.<br />
Pernafasan burung saat terbang : Saat terbang pergerakan aktif dari rongga dada
tidak dapat dilakukan karena tulang dada dan tulang rusuk merupakan pangkal
perlekatan otot yang berfungsi untuk terbang. Saat mengepakan sayap (sayap
diangkat ke atas), kantong udara di antara tulang korakoid terjepit sehingga
udara kaya oksigen pada bagian itu masuk ke paru-paru.<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Sistem Saraf<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Enchephalon secara relatif lebih besar
dibandingkan reptilia. Dibagi atas tiga bagian yang pokok, yakni:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Prosencephalon
(bagian muka), terbagi atas:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Telencephalon
(bagian termuka).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dienchephalon
(bagian belakangnya).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mesencephalon
(bagian tengah).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rhombencephalon,
terbagi atas:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Metencephalon
(bagian atas)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Myencephalon
(bagian bawah).</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Jasin, 1992)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Indra perasa terdapat kuncup-kuncup perasa
pada lidah dan atap rongga mulut. Indra ini memungkinkan aves memilih
makanannya. Kemampuan memilih makanan ini dibantu oleh reseptor tekanan pada
paruh dan lidah. Organon visus relatid besar dan tajam dalam kemampuan
observasi. Indra pendengar berupa telinga yang terbagi atas tiga rongga yakni
rongga luar, tengah, dan dalam. Kelenjar endokrin terdiri atas: glandulae
pituitaria atau hypophysa sebagai ‘the master of glands’, terletak pada dasa
otak ujung infundibulum: Glandulae thvroidea yang terletak di bawah vena
jugularis dekat asal cabang arteri subclavia dan arteri carotis (Jasin, 1992).<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">3.1 Waktu dan
Tempat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> </span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Praktikum ini dilaksanakan pada hari selasa,27 Desember
2011, pukul 15 : 00. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Di laboratorium IAIN
RADEN FATAH Palembang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2 Alat dan Bahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Adapun
alat dan bahan yang digunakan pada praktikum ini yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cutter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gunting
bedah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nampan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kapas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alat-alat
tulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kloroform<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Burung
Merpati<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.3 Cara Kerja<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembiusan
burung merpati menggunakan kapas yang telah diberi kloroform, pengamatan bentuk
morfologi dan menggambar bagian-bagiannya,mengamati bentuk jenis-jenis bulunya
dan menggambarnya, pembedahan pertama pada bagian paha untuk melihat susunan
otot dan menggambarnya, selanjutnya pembedahan pada bagian badan untuk
mengamati system-sistem organya yaitu; pengamatan pada anatominya setelah
mengamati organ dan menggambarnya, pengamatan pada bagian cavum oris, system
digestorium, system urogenital, dan yang terakhir pengamatan pada bagian
otak(encephalon)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB IV <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.1 Hasil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dari pengamatan preparat, didapatkan hasil yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tabel 1 : morfologi <i>Columba livia<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 302.4pt;" valign="top" width="403">
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 338.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 338.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 302.4pt;" valign="top" width="403">
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" style="height: 396.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 305.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="morfologi" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 2 : Morfologi <i>Columba livia<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 338.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 22.7pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Caput<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rostrum(paruh)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares (lubang
hidung)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Organon
visusPorus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40.9pt; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">acusticus
externus (lubang telinga luar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Truncus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sayap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Femur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Digiti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 39.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">j.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Flacula <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cauda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tabel 2 : Anatomi <i>Columba livia<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 244.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 279pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="bulu" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 3 : Bulu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 197.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumulae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Filoplume<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rachis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Vexillum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Calamus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umbilicus inferior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umbilicus superior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbulae distal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbulae proximal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barbulae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Radioli <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 270.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 272.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="dada" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 4 : Musculus pectoralis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 138.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tendo musculus pectoralis mayor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus pectoralis major<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tendo musculus pectoralis minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus pectoralis minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Carina sterni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Scapula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Furcula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 26.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus belum terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 269.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 268.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="topographi" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 5 : Topographi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ingluvies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Intestinum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Trachea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pulmo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">14.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pancreas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 258.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 253.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="cavum oris" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 6 : Cavum oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 8.1pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Maxilla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 8.1pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">II.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mandibulla <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares anteriores<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Crista marginalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares postriores<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plica palatini<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fissura choana seundria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ostium tubae auditivae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pharynx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aditus laryngis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.6pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lingua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 302.4pt;" valign="top" width="403">
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 267pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 276.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="digestorium" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 7 : Sistem digestorium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ingluvies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pars descendena duodenum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pars ascendena duodenum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Intestinum tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pancreas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 237pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 274.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="urogenital" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 8 :Sistem urogenitale<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Infundibulum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lubang muara uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sisa oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lubang muara ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Glandula adrenalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 285.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 270.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="otak" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 9 : Encephalon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.4pt;" valign="top" width="235">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulbus olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemis paerium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lobus opticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Medula oblongata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.2 Pembahasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merpati (<i>Columba
livia)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kerajaan : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Animalia</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Filum : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Chordata</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Kelas : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Aves</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Ordo : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbiformes" title="Columbiformes"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbiformes</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Famili : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columbidae</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Genus :
</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columba_%28genus%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Columba (genus) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Columba</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Spesies : <i>C. livia<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Morfologi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cirri morfologi
yang diamati yaitu tubuh dibedakan menjadi tiga bagian: caput, truncus, dan
cauda, adapun bagian-bagiannya sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Caput<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada
bagian ini organ-organ yang terlihat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rostrum(paruh),
dibentuk oleh maxilla (rahang atas) dan mandibula (rahang bawah)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares
(lubang hidung)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cera,
suatu tonjolan kulit yang lemah pada basis rostrum bagian atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Organon
visus(alat penglihat)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Porus
acusticus externus (lubang telinga luar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Truncus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ditutupi
oleh bulu, pada bagian uropygium
terdapat bulu-bulu ekor. Bulu berfungsi melindungi kulit terhadap cuaca
yang kurang sesuai, berguna untuk terbang. Dilihat dari segi anatomi bulu
burung yang dapat kami amati yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terdiri dari bagian-bagian :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Calamus (quill), tangkai bulu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rachis (saft), lanjutan calamus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umbilicus inferior, lubang pada pangkal calamus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umbilicus superior, lubang pada bagian caudal calamus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 81.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Vexillum(vane), terbentuk oleh barbae;ialah suatu cabang kearah
lateral dari rachis.tiap barbae mempercabangkan banyak barbulae, menurut
arahnya dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu: barbae distal dan barbae proximal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumulae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terdapat pada burung yang masih
mudah, kadang-kadang juga terdapat pada burung yang sedang mengerami telurnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plumulae terdiri atas:
calamus(pendek), rachis(agak mereduksi), barbae panjang(flexible), dan barbae
pendek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Filoplumae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tumbuh pada seluruh tubuh dengan
jarak yang sangat jarang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun struktur bulu yang terlihat
yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cauda
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cauda
tersusun dari bulu-bulu yang lebih panjang dibandingkan degan bulu pada
badannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Anatomi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bagian-bagian
tubuh bagian dalam yang diamati yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus
pectoralis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun susunan otot yang dapat
dilihat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tendo
musculus pectoralis major<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus
pectoralis major<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tendo
musculus pectoralis minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus
pectoralis minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Crania
sterni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Scapula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Furcula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musculus
belum dibuka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Topographi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada topographi, organ-organ yang
terlihat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ingluvies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Intestinum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Trachea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pulmo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">j.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">k.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">l.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">m.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">n.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pancreas
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rostrum
(paruh)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rostru (paruh) merupakan bagian dari
system pencernaan, adapun bagian-bagian pada rostrum yang dapat diamati yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Maxilla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares
anteriores<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Crista
marginalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nares
posterior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plica
palatine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fissura choana seundria</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ostium
tubae auditivae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pharynx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mandibula
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aditus
laryngis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lingua
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
pencernaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun organ-organ pencernaan yang
dapat dilihat pada preparat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ingluvies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pars
descendens duodeni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pars
ascendens duodeni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Intestinum
tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">j.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">k.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pancreas
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alat
kelamin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun preparat yang kami gunakan
berjenis kelamin betina(♀), bagian organ-organ yang diamati yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Infundibulum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lubang
muara uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sisa
oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lubang
muara ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">k.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Glandula
adrenalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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(encephalon)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun bagian-bagian otak yang dapat
diamati dari bagian atas yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulbus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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cerebri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lobus
opticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Medulla
oblongata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jika dilihat dari pembahasan-pembahasa sebelumnya, kelas aves
merupakan kelas yang jauh lebih berkembang dibandingakan dengan kelas pisces, amphibia,
maupun reptilia, pada burung sudah memiliki bulu dan dapat terbang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Columba livia<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Morfologi; tubuh terbagi menjadi
tiga bagian yaitu: caput, truncus, dan cauda. Tubuh ditutupi oleh bulu-bulu
yang melindunginya dari cuaca yang tidak sesuai, selain itu digunakan untuk
terbang. Adapun anatominya yaitu: system pencernaan; esophagus, ingluvies,
proventriculus, ventriculus, pars descendens duodeni, pars ascendens duodeni,
intestinum tenue, coecum, rectum, hepar, pancreas , system urogenital, berjenis
kelamin betina dengan organ-ogannya; ovarium, infundibulum, oviduct, uterus, lubang
muara uterus, sisa oviduct, ren, ureter, lubang muara ureter, cloaca, dan glandula
adrenalis , system saraf terdiri dari; bulbus olfactorius, hemisphaerium
cerebri, lobus opticus, dan medulla oblongata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Campbel
Neil, B. Reece Jane, G. Mitchell Lawrence. 2003. <i>Biologi Edisi Kelima Jilid
II. </i>Jakarta: Erlangga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri.2007. <i>Zoologi
Vertebrata.</i> Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/60723738/aves(27122011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/60723738/aves(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://marinebiologi.blogspot.com/2010/04/laporan-praktikum-struktur-hewan-aves.html(27122011)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://marinebiologi.blogspot.com/2010/04/laporan-praktikum-struktur-hewan-aves.html(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://feronazulfikar.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum.html(27122011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://feronazulfikar.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum.html(27122011)</span></a></span></div>
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PRAKTIKUM PREPARAT IV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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FATAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/60723738/aves(27122011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/60723738/aves(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A.
Campbel Neil, B. Reece Jane, G. Mitchell Lawrence. <i>Biologi
Edisi Kelima Jilid II. </i>(Jakarta: Erlangga, 2003) hal.266<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
http://www.scribd.com/doc/48097220/Aves(28-12-2011) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri. <i>Zoologi Vertebrata.</i>
(Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI, 2007),hal.66<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merpati_karang(30-12-2011) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>Op.
Cit</i> http://www.scribd.com/doc/48097220/Aves(28-12-2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://marinebiologi.blogspot.com/2010/04/laporan-praktikum-struktur-hewan-aves.html(27122011)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://marinebiologi.blogspot.com/2010/04/laporan-praktikum-struktur-hewan-aves.html(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://feronazulfikar.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum.html(27122011)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://feronazulfikar.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum.html(27122011)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///D:/data%20ku/DATA%20SMSTER%205/laporan%20zoologi%20vertebrta%205/laporan%20aves/laporan%20aaves.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <i>Op. Cit </i>http://marinebiologi.blogspot.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-50968573089234897292012-06-16T00:37:00.001-07:002012-11-27T04:29:51.385-08:00Laporan reptilia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB
I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Latar
Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sepanjang
sejarah evolusinya, kelompok tetrapoda (binatang berkaki empat) yang didalamnya
itu terdapat Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mamalia merupakan suatu kelompok hewan
yang sangat tinggi tingkat adaptasinya. Khusus untuk bangsa atau kelas
reptilia, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">kelas ini adalah
kelompok hewan vertebrata yang hidupnya merayap atau melata di dalam
habitatnya. Reptilia juga tergolong ke dalam hewan yang berdarah dingin, yang
suhu tubuhnya dipengaruhi oleh suhu lingkungan. Walaupun berdarah dingin reptilia
melakukan pembiakan di darat. Tubuh reptilia ditutupi oleh sisik-sisik atau
plot-plot dari bahan tanduk yang kering atau tanpa kelenjer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Umumnya reptilia
mempunyai dua pasang kaki, masing-masing mempunyai lima jari yang bercakar,
tetapi pada jenis-jenis tertentu kakinya mereduksi atau sama sekali tidak ada.
Rangka dari bahan tulang, oksipital, kondil hanya satu. Tipe gigi pada reptilia
adalah labyrinthodont (pada reptilia fosil), acrodont, pleurodont, dan
thecodont. Jantungnya mempunyai empat ruangan, dua atrium dan dua ventrikel,
tetapi pada sekat dari ventrikel kanan dan kiri belum sempurna benar. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Habitat hidup di darat, air tawar atau air laut, di
daerah tropis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa contoh reptil tersebut salah satu contohnya
adalah binatang andalan bangsa Indonesia yaitu Komodo, kura-kura, serta reptil-reptil
kecil seperti cicak dan tokek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk kali ini kami
akan membahas tentang reptil tokek. Binatang ini seperti yang telah kami
bahas di awal juga merupakan reptil yang unik sebab reptil ini memiliki
kemampuan mengeluarkan suara yang berirama dan terpola jika dibandingkan dengan
sebangsanya yang lain, khususnya yang
terdapat pada anggota bangsa-bangsa reptil, lebih khusus lagi pada binatang
tokek <i>(Gekko sp) </i>itulah mengapa kemudian kami membuat dan menyusun
laporan ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun yang kami
lakukan pada tokek yaitu mengamati ciri morfologi pada tokek itu sendiri serta
fungsi dari organ-organ yang dimiliki tokek dengan melihat organ dalamnya dilakukan
pembedahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumusan Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari latar belakang di atas kami mengambil suatu
rumusan masalah yaitu”bagaimana morfologi dan anatomi pada hewan reptile
khususnya tokek”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Praktikum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berangkat dari rumusan masalah, agar praktikum ini
sesuai dengan yang diinginkan maka harus memiliki suatu tujuan, adapun tujuan
pada praktikum ini yaitu:”untuk mengetahui bagaimana ciri morfologi dan anatomi
serta fungsi dari organ-organ tokek”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TINJAUAN
PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kata
Reptilia berasal dari kata <i>reptum</i> yang berarti melata. Reptilia
merupakan kelompok hewan darat pertama yang sepanjang hidupnya bernapas dengan
peru-paru. Ciri umum kelas ini yang membedakan dengan kelas yang lain adalah
seluruh tubuhnya tertutup oleh kulit kering atau sisik. Kulit ini menutupi
seluruh permukaan tubuhnya dan pada beberapa anggota ordo atau sub-ordo
tertentu dapat mengelupas atau melakukan pergantian kulit baik secara total
yaitu pada anggota Sub-ordo Ophidia dan pengelupasan sebagian pada anggota
Sub-ordo Lacertilia. Sedangkan pada Ordo Chelonia dan Crocodilia sisiknya
hampir tidak pernah mengalami pergantian atau pengelupasan. Kulit pada reptil
memiliki sedikit sekali kelenjar kulit (Zug, 1993).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas reptilia,
suatu klompok yang beraneka ragam dengan banyak garis keturunan yang sudah
punah, saat ini wakili oleh sekitar 7000 spesies, sebagian besar
kadal,kura-kura, dan buaya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.budisma.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Gambar-8.42-Struktur-morfologi-reptilia.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar 1: struktur morfologi reptile(</span><a href="http://www.budisma.web.id/2011/08/21/macam-macam-jenis-struktur-bentuk-morfologi-chordata/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">http://www.budisma.web.id/2011/08/21/macam-macam-jenis-struktur-bentuk-morfologi-chordata/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Karakteristik reptilia yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tubuh diutupi
oleh kulit kering menanduk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dua pasang
anggota gerak, masing-masing dengan lima jari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rangka dengan
osifikasi sempurna, tengkorak dengan satu occipital condyle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jantung dengan
empat ruang yang kurang sempurna, dua atrium dan sebuah ventrikel yang terbagi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Respirasi hampir
keseluruhan dilakukan oleh paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Duabelas pasang
saraf kranialis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Eksresi denga
ginjal bertipe mesonephros.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu tubuh
berubah-ubah (ektoterm) sesuai dengan suhu lingkungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fertilisasi
internal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Segmentasi
meroblastik<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tokek
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tokek
adalah nama umum untuk menyebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecak" title="Cecak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">cicak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
besar. Ada banyak jenis tokek, namun istilah tokek secara sempit biasa
dipadankan bagi anggota </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus" title="Genus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">marga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
<i>Gekko</i>, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia" title="Familia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">suku</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Gekkonidae. Sedangkan tokek dalam bahasa awam umumnya merujuk kepada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokek_rumah" title="Tokek rumah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">tokek rumah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
(<i>Gecko gecko</i>), yang memiliki persebaran luas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi
ilmiah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerajaan : Animalia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Filum : Chordata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas : Reptilia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo : Squamata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Familia : </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gekkonidae&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gekkonidae (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Geckonidae</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus : <i>Gecko<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesies
: <i>Gecko gecko<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cicak
yang berukuran besar, berkepala besar. Panjang total mencapai 340 mm, hampir
setengahnya adalah ekornya. <i>Dorsal</i> (sisi punggung) kasar, dengan banyak
bintil besar-besar. Abu-abu kebiruan sampai kecoklatan, dengan bintik-bintik
berwarna merah bata sampai jingga. <i>Ventral</i> (perut, sisi bawah tubuh)
abu-abu biru keputihan atau kekuningan. Ekor membulat, dengan enam baris
bintil; berbelang-belang. Jari-jari kaki depan dan belakang dilengkapi dengan
bantalan pengisap yang disebut <i>scansor</i>, yang terletak di sisi bawah
jari. Gunanya untuk melekat pada permukaan yang licin. Maka, dari sisi atas
jari-jari tokek nampak melebar.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span>
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Tokek adalah satu-satunya kadal yang memiliki suara. Beberapa spesies tokek
membuat mencicit atau mengklik suara yang terdengar seperti "gecko,"
maka disebut tokek. Kebanyakan tokek aktif di malam hari (mereka adalah yang
paling aktif di malam hari); mereka memiliki mata besar dan visual
(penglihatan) yang sangat baik. Dari segi bentuk anatomi dan morfologi
tubuhnya binatang tokek memiliki tubuh pendek, lebar, gemuk dengan jari kaki
yang besar, cakar melengkung ke belakang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Kebanyakan kaki lengket tokek memiliki bantalan, terdiri dari mikroskopis
Velcro-seperti bulu bengkok (disebut setae) di bawah kaki bulunya memungkinkan
mereka untuk memanjat dengan baik, bahkan pada permukaan yang halus atau
terbalik. Tokek gurun memiliki kaki yang berumbai yang memudahkan mereka
berjalan di pasir dengan sangat mudah. Tokek terbang (genus Ptychozoon)
memiliki kelepak lebar memanjang dari kulit perut dan memiliki jari-jari kaki
berselaput, kaki, dan ekor yang membantu mereka meluncur dengan anggun di udara<br />
Binatang ini adalah hewan yang tergolong
karnivora (pemakan daging). Karena kebanyakan mereka itu memakan serangga
(seperti jangkrik, springtails, dan kecoak) dan cacing sebagai mangsanya,
tetapi mereka juga memakan serta memangsa anak-anak burung, telur, dan mamalia
kecil, berburu mangsanya di malam hari karena memang binatang ini termasuk
hewan nokturnal. Adapun jika kita berbicara mengenai pemangsa dari binatang
ini, maka predator atau pemangsa dari reptil ini adalah<b> </b>ular yang
merupakan pemangsa tokek yang utama. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketika seekor tokek
ditangkap oleh ular, ia akan berusaha melepaskan ekornya agar dapat kabur dari
tangkapan sang ular itulah salah satu bentuk pertahanan dari bererapa jenis
reptil dari predator mereka yang termasuk didalamnya adalah tokek.
Binatang atau reptil tokek hidup di berbagai habitat hangat, termasuk
hutan hujan, padang pasir, padang rumput, dan rawa-rawa. Mereka sekarang
ditemukan di seluruh dunia sebagai hewan peliharaan (khususnya Tokay gecko)
itulah mengapa binatang ini dapat kita temukan di rumah-rumah hunian kita
setiap hari dengan bunyi-bunyi serta suara khas yang dimiliki oleh mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hewan ini kebanyakan
aktif di saat senja dan malam hari, meski suara panggilannya kadang-kadang
terdengar di siang hari. Tokek tinggal di lubang pepohonan di hutan atau di
rekahan batuan atau gua; namun sebagian jenisnya juga beradaptasi dengan
lingkungan manusia dan bersifat komensal. Tokek memburu aneka </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrata" title="Invertebrata"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">invertebrata</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain sebagai makanannya, walaupun juga
tidak segan memangsa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">vertebrata</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain yang lebih kecil ukurannya. Tokek
betina biasanya mengeluarkan sepasang telur, yang disimpan berlekatan di sudut
lubang atau dinding. Tempat menyimpan telur ini biasa digunakan berulang kali
oleh tokek yang sama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mekanisme reproduksi
dari binatang tokek adalah<b> </b> dengan cara bertelur. Dimana binatang
yang berjenis kelamin betina biasanya mengeluarkan 2 buah telur yang lengket,
lengketnya telur tersebut karena adanya semacam fluida khusus yang dikeluarkan bersamaan
dari keluarnya telur yang dapat mereaksikan kalsium klorida yang terdapat atau
yang menyusun cangkang telur sehingga cangkang-cangkang tersebut saling merekat
dan lengket satu sama lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Telur akan lunak pada
awalnya, tapi mengeras dengan cepat. Tidak ada induk tokek yang peduli. Geckos
terkadang makan telur mereka sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara anatomi, kulit
yang dimiliki oleh tokek bertindak sebagai lapisan pelindung yang
mencegah tokek dari dehidrasi serta dapat meyamarkan diri mereka
dari predator (kemampuan kamuflase/mimikri).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembentukan kulit dari
binatang ini memiliki skala yang bervariasi dari spesies ke spesies, dalam beberapa
hal itu memungkinkan tokek berubah warna untuk beradaptasi ke lingkungan.
Sehingga dikenal istilah ‘ganti kulit” pada berbagai jenis reptil begitu pula
pada tokek. Disamping itu lidah mereka yang pendek dan gemuk secara struktural,
meskipun bunglon dan beberapa jenis lainnya memiliki lidah yang lebih panjang.
Lidah bekerja sama dengan organ mulut dan organ-organ lain untuk fungsi
predator atau pemangsaan mereka. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebanyakan tokek
memiliki telinga eksternal terlihat seperti lubang atau membuka, terkadang
sudah tertutup oleh sebuah genderang (gendang telinga). Lalu mata dari kebanyakan
tokek dapat berkedip dan menutup, ini berbeda dengan ular yang tidak punya
kelopak mata dapat dipindah-pindahkan. Ada beberapa kadal yang tidak memiliki
mata sama sekali. Ada juga adaptasi khusus antar spesies seperti gecko, yang
memiliki mata besar untuk membantu penglihatan pada malam hari mereka, dan
bunglon yang memiliki mata bergerak secara independen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk fungsi mekanis atau
gerakanan maka kaki adalah organ khusus dan jari-jari, jari-jari kaki binatang
ini diaptasikan sesuai dengan spesies dan gaya hidup mereka yaitu menempel di
dinding (memanjat). Binatang ini sama seperti kerabat dekatnya yaitu
cicak memiliki bentuk telapak kaki yang dapat menempel di benda-benda yang
kasar dan keras seperti kayu ataupun tembok, bentuk kaki ini terjadi dari
perkembangan epidermis dari kulit tokek yang terlihat seperti kumpulan berbagai
kait-kait kecil. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Disamping itu ekor pada
binatang ini juga digunakan berbeda tergantung pada spesiesnya, dapat digunakan
untuk berkelahi, menyeimbangkan dan penyimpanan lemak untuk beberapa lama. Ekor
dapat diandalkan sebagai sarana untuk mempertahankan diri dari pemangsa, ini
adalah alasan bagus mengapa anda tidak boleh menangkap kadal dengan memegang
ekornya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tokek
dilengkapi dengan organ-organ yang sangat mirip dengan mamalia. Tengkorak
mereka memiliki rumah-rumah seperti tengkorak otak, paru-paru untuk menghirup
udara yang sama seperti yang kita lakukan, sebuah hati untuk membuang racun dan
lambung untuk proses pencernaan makanannya. Kemudian tokek benar-benar
bergantung pada kondisi kehidupan eksternal. Tidak seperti mamalia, mereka
tidak memiliki peralatan untuk internal menghasilkan panas, karena itu mereka
berdarah dingin, juga dikenal sebagai ectothermic.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span>
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<strong>Anatomi Tokek</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tokek
memiliki mulut lebar, mata bulat besar dan menonjol, kepala datar, berwarna
abu-abu, bintik merah, dan bercak kuning. Kebanyakan kaki lengket tokek
memiliki bantalan, terdiri dari mikroskopis Velcro-seperti bulu bengkok
(disebut setae) di bawah kaki bulunya memungkinkan mereka untuk memanjat dengan
baik, bahkan pada permukaan yang halus atau terbalik. Desert tokek
memiliki kaki yang berumbai membiarkan mereka berjalan di pasir sangat
mudah. Flying tokek (genus Ptychozoon) memiliki kelepak lebar memanjang
dari kulit perut dan memiliki jari-jari kaki berselaput, kaki, dan ekor yang
membantu mereka meluncur dengan anggun melalui udara. Ekor juga merupakan
penyeimbang ketika tokek jatuh. Pada ekornya pula terdapat persediaan makanan
sehingga tokek mampu bertahan tidak makan sampai beberapa minggu. Tokek tidak
memiliki kelopak mata jadi tokek tidak bisa memejamkan mata. Pada siang hari
mata tokek hanya berupa garis vertikan dan pada waktu malam bulat penuh warna
hitam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reproduks</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i:
geckos menetas dari telur. Telur lunak pada awalnya, tapi mengeras dengan
cepat. Tidak ada induk yang
peduli. Geckos kadang-kadang makan telur mereka sendiri.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB
III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">METODOLOGI
PRAKTIKUM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.1 Waktu dan
Tempat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Praktikum ini dilaksanakan pada hari selasa,6 Desember
2011, pukul 15 : 00. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Di laboratorium IAIN RADEN FATAH
Palembang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2 Alat dan Bahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Adapun
alat dan bahan yang digunakan pada praktikum ini yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cutter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gunting bedah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nampan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kapas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Alat-alat tulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kloroform<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tokek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.3 Cara Kerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Tokek dibius dengan menggunakan
kapas yang telah diberi kloroform. Mengamati morfologi tokek dan menggambarnya.
Selanjutnya tokek dibedah untuk mengamati organ-organ dalamnya(anatomi) mulai
dari pembedahan bagian mulut, sampai dengan bagian tubuh,untuk melihat
organ-organ pencernaan, kelenjarnya, sampai organ urogenitalnya, dan setelah
diamati menggambar semua bagian tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB IV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.1 Hasil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dari pengamatan pada preparat didapatkan hasil :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tabel 1 :morfologi <i>Gecko gecko<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 2 : Morfologi <i>Gecko gecko </i>L (♂)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">CAPUT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">COLLUM(cervic)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">TRUNCUS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">CAUDAL<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nares anteriores<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rima oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Organon visus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Membrana tympani<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Falcula (cakar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Digiti (jari)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Manus (tangan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anterbrachium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Brachium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Femur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Crus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cauda <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tabel 2 : Anatomi <i>Gecko gecko<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Maxilla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Choana primer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pulmo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Intestinum tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ductus derens<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Vesica urinaria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ren <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 5 : Systema Digestorium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tractus digestivus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Duodenum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Intestinum tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">6a. Cloaca <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Glandula digestoria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Vesica fellea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 6 : Pulmo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Facies ventralis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Larynx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Trachea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bifurcatio trachea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bronchus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 7 : Systema Urogenitalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Organa genitalia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Testes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mesorehium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Epididymis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Vas deferens<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Persatuan muara vas deferens<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5a.
hemipenis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Organa
uropoetica:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Vesica
urinaria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 8 : Encephalon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.95in;" valign="top" width="283"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Facies Dorsalateris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bulbus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Tractus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lobus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Epip</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">hysis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mesencephalon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cerebellum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Fossa romboidae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Medulla oblongata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.2
Pembahasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tokek
(<i>Gecko gecko)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kingdom :
Animalia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Phylum :
Chordata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas :
Reptilia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo :
Squamata <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Subordo :
Lacertilia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Family : Geckonidae <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus :
Gecko<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesies :
<i>Gecko gecko</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfologi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun
morfologi yang dapat diamati yaitu, tubuh katak berwarna abu-abu degan
bintik-bintik merah bata, permukaan tubuh yang kasar. Bagian tubuh tokek
terbagi menjadi empat bagian besar yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Caput<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Collum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Truncus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Caudal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara
morfologi yang dapat kita lihat bahwa tokek memiliki bagian-bagian tubuh secara
rinci yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nares anteriores (celah hidung)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rima oris(celah mulut)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Organon visus(indra penglihat)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Membrana tympani<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Falcula (cakar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Digiti (jari)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Manus (tangan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anterbrachium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Brachium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Femur(paha)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Crus(tungkai bawah)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pes(kaki)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cauda(ekor)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
bagian anatomi kami hanya mengamati organ pencernaan, pulmo, organ urogenital
dan otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cavum
oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cavum oris(celah mulut) adalah saluran pertama dalam
system pencernaan, adapun bagian-bagin yang dapat diamati pada rima oris yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Maxilla(bagian rahang atas)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Choana primer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dentes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Palatum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Choana secunder<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ostium tubae auditivae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mandibulla(bagian rahang bawah)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pharynx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rima glottidis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lingua bifida<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Organ-organ
dalam (anatomi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun
organ-organ dalam yang dapat kami amati pada preparat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Trachea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cor(jantung)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pulmo(paru-paru)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hepar(hati)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fesica
fellea(katung empedu)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ventriculus(lambung)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Duodenum(usus
duabelas jari)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancreas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Testis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum tenue(usus halus)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">k.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ductus derens<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">l.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">m.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vesica urinaria(kantung urin)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 5.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">n.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ren(ginjal)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Organ
pencernaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada organ pencernaan ini terbagi menjadi dua bagian
yaitu alat pencernaan dan kelenjar pencernaan. Adapun kedua bagian yang bisa
diamati yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat/saluran pencernaan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Esophagus,
sebuah saluran yang menghubungkan tekak dengan lambung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ventriculus,
saluran pencernaan setelah esopagus, yang melebar silindris berdinding tebal
dan berwarna keputih-putihan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Duodenum(usus
duabelas jari), berupa saluran kecil setelah lambung yang berkelok-kelok.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum tenue(usus halus)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Coecum, merupakan batas antara usus halus dan usus besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Cloaca, muara
saluran pencernaan makanan dan saluran kencing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelenjar pencernaan ;penghasil kelenjar pencernaan
yang terlihat yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hepar, ada dua lapis, berwarna merah kecoklatan,
mensekresikan empedu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vesica
fellea(kantung empedu) terletak pasti menempel pada hati berwarna hijau pekat,
bersifat elastis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancreas,terdapat
diantara ventriculus dan duodenum, berwarna kekuningan dan bentuknya pipih.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Organ
pernapasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Toke
bernapas dengan menggunakan paru-paru(pulmo)adapun bagian-bagian pulmo itu
sendiri yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Larynx, dindingnya
tersusun dari beberapa tulang rawan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Trachea,
saluran lanjutan setelah larynx, dindingnya tersusun dari lingkaran-lingkaran
yang terbentuk dari tulang rawan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bifurcatio trachea</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bronchus, cabang
dari trachea, ada dua cabang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pulmo, ada satu
pasang terlihat mulai mengerut, berwarna merah pucat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Annulus trachealis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rima
glottidis, sebuah celah kecil yang akan menuju larynx.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
kelamin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Preparat
yang digunakan dalam praktikum ini berjenis kelamin jantan. Adapun
bagian-bagian organ genitalnya yang dapat diamati yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Testes</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mesorehium</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Epididymis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vas deferens</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Persatuan muara vas
deferens</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hemipenis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vesica
urinaria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">cloaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Otak
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
otak dilakukan pembedahan pada bagian atas, adapun bagian-bagian yang tampak
yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bulbus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tractus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lobus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Epip</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">hysis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mesencephalon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cerebellum</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reptilia
merupkan vertebrata pertama yang sempunrna karena jika dibandingkan dengan
pisces maupun amphibian, reptilia ini lebih berkembang. Misalnya dilihat dari
morfologinya ikan tubuhnya ditutupi dengan sisik yang berlendir, katak tubuhnya
tidak bersisik tetapi masih brlendir, karena katak masih menggunakan kulitnya
dalam proses penapasan, sedangkan reptilia kulitnya keras menanduk sebagai
peralihan hidup di darat. Selanjutnya ikan bergerak menggunakan siripnya, katak
bergerak menggunakan kaki tapi kakinya masih berselaput, karena katak hidup di
darat dan terkadang di air, sedangkan pada reptilia sudah memiliki kaki yang
tidak berselaput dan memiliki kuku untuk memudahkan pergerakannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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V<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">KESIMPULAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tokek
merupakan golongan dari kelas reptilia, yang memiliki ciri kulit berwarna
abu-abu dengan bintil-bintil merah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Morfologi, tokek memilki: nares
anteriores (celah hidung),rima oris(celah mulut),organon visus(indra penglihat),membrane tympani,falcula (cakar),digiti (jari),manus (tangan),anterbrachium,brachium,femur(paha),crus(tungkai
bawah),pes(kaki), dan cauda(ekor)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Anatomi,tokek memiliki: trachea,cor(jantung),pulmo(paru-paru),hepar(hati),vesica fellea(katung empedu),ventriculus(lambung),duodenum(usus duabelas jari),pancreas,testis,intestinum tenue(usus halus),ductus derens,rectum,vesica urinaria(kantung urin),dan
ren(ginjal). Saluran pencernaan yang dimulai dari mulut sampai cloaca,bernapas
dengan paru-paru,memiliki organ genital berjenis kelamin jantang dan memiliki
otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Campbel Neil, B. Reece Jane, G. Mitchell Lawrence. 2003. <i>Biologi
Edisi Kelima Jilid II. </i>Jakarta: Erlangga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri.2007. <i>Zoologi Vertebrata.</i>
Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://ksh.biologi.ugm.ac.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10&Itemid=17%20%20%20%20%20%20%280"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://ksh.biologi.ugm.ac.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10&Itemid=17 (0</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">7-12-2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokek"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokek</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> (07-12-2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://dezimeutya.blogspot.com/2011/05/laporan-akhir-praktikum-reptilia-non.html"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://dezimeutya.blogspot.com/2011/05/laporan-akhir-praktikum-reptilia-non.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> (07-12-2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://munsir-jhie.blogspot.com/2011/11/binatang-tokek.html#%21/2011/11/binatang-tokek.html%2806-12-2011%29"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://munsir-jhie.blogspot.com/2011/11/binatang-tokek.html#!/2011/11/binatang-tokek.html(06-12-2011)</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://pasartokek.com/live/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=66%2809-12-2011"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://pasartokek.com/live/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=66(09-12-2011</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gecko gecko </span></i></b><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(♂)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daryanti ( 09222010 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI ( IAIN ) RADEN FATAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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http://ksh.biologi.ugm.ac.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10&Itemid=17(07-12-2011)</span></div>
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Neil, B. Reece Jane, G. Mitchell Lawrence. <i>Biologi Edisi Kelima Jilid II. </i>(Jakarta:
Erlangga, 2003) hal.262<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Adeng dan Madang Kodri. <i>Zoologi Vertebrata.</i> (Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI,
2007),hal.50-52</span></span></div>
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Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-67298519554657589332012-06-16T00:34:00.000-07:002012-06-16T00:34:19.707-07:00Laporan vertebrata mamalia(mencit)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vertebrata
paling sempurna adalah dari kelas mamalia dimana tingkat sel,jaringan maupun
organ-organnya lebih komplek di banding kan dengan kelas pisces, ampibia,
reptile maupun aves, terkadang juga ada yang megatakan bahwa asal mula mamalia
adalah golongan reptile, hanya saja pada mamalia sudah mengalami perkembangan
yang sangat jauh. Oleh karena itu di lakukan praktikum ini untuk mengetahui
bagaimana morfologi maupun anatomi yang dikatakan sudah mengalami perkembangan
dari pada kelas-kelas lainya. Adapun hewan yang kami gunakan dalam praktikum
ini yaitu hamster(mencit) dari ordo rodentia. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Seperti telah dikatakan sebelumnya bahwa mamalia merupakan
tingkatan tertinggi pada kerajaan hewan. Hal ini mengakibatkan segala proses
yang dilakuakan oleh mamalia lebih tinggi daripada jenis animalia lainnya.
Mulai dari sistem pencernaan , pernafasan , peredaran darah , urogenital ,
hingga sistem sarafnya. Karena itulah , untuk lebih mengetahui segala proses
pada tubuh mamalia kita perlu menggunakan ilmu anatomi. Artinya kita perlu
membuka bagian tubuh mamalia dengan jalan memotong (membedah). Pembedahan dapat
dilakukan misalnya pada hamster atau lebih dikenal dengan nama mencit(tikus
kecil). </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan begitu, kita dapat mengetahui dengan jelas isi
tubuh dari binatang mamalia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.2 Rumusan Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun masalah yang kami ambil disini yaitu:” bagaimana
morfologi dan anatomi pada hamster”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Praktikum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
memperoleh hasil yang maksimal kami pun harus menentukan tujuan, adapun tujuan
praktikum ini yaitu” untuk mengetahui bagaimana
morfologi dan anatomi serta fungsi organ-organ pada hamster”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">TINJAUAN
PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamalia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamalia berkembang dari leluhur
reptilia lebih awal dari burung. Fosil tertua yang diyakini merupakan mamalia
yang berumur 220 juta tahun, kembali ke masa Trias. Saat zaman senozoikum
datang setelah kepunahan missal di masa kretaseus, mamalia sedang melakukan
radiasi adaptif besar-besaran. Keanekaragaman itu diwakili oleh tiga kelompok
utama: monotrema(mamalia yang bertelur), marsupial (mamalia berkantung), dan
mamalia eutheria(berplasenta)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerajaan
binatang memiliki beberapa tingkatan untuk membagi hewan-hewan yang terdapat di
muka bumi ini. Tingkatan tertinggi pada kerajaan binatang tersebut adalah
mamalia. Pada umumnya , semua jenis mamalia memiliki rambut yang menutupi
tubuhnya. Jumlah rambut tersebut berbeda-beda antara spesies yang satu dengan
yang lain. Ada spesies yang seluruh tubuhnya ditutupi oleh rambut dan ada pula
spesies yang hanya memiliki rambut di tempat-tempat tertentu pada bagian tubuhnya.
Mamalia merupakan hewan yang bersifat homoioterm atau sering disebut hewan
berdarah panas. Hal ini dikarenakan kemampuannya untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan
lingkungan sekitar. <br />
Sebutan mamalia sendiri berasal dari keberadaan glandula (kelenjar) mamae pada
tubuh mereka yang berfungsi sebagai penyuplai susu. Seperti yang kita ketahui
bahwa mamalia betina menyusui anaknya dengan memanfaatkan keberadaan kelenjar
tersebut. Walupun mamalia jantan tidak menyusui anaknya, bukan berarti mereka
tidak memiliki kelenjar mamae. Semua mamalia memiliki kelenjar mamae , tetapi
pada mamalia jantan kelenjar ini tidaklah berfungsi sebagaimana pada mamalia
betina.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Karakteristik <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tubuh umumnya tertutup rambut, kulit berkelenjar.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cranium dengan dua occipital condyle, mulut umumnya
bergigi.</span><b><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lubang telinga luar umumnya memiliki daun telinga yang
kenyal.</span><b><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kolumna vertebralis dengan linia wilayah yaitu :
serviks, toraks, sakral dan caudal.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai emapat anggota gerak kecuali golongan cetacean.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jantung ada empat ruang.</span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Respirasi hanya dengan paru-paru.</span><b><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">h.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat duabelas pasang saraf kranialis.</span><b><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu tubuh endotermis(homoiotermis)</span><b><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jantan dengan organ kopulasi(penis), fertilisasi
internal.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span></span></a></span><b><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hewan mamalia
melakukan fertilisasi internal, perkembangan embrio terjadi di dalam uterus,
dengan lama masa kandungan yang bervariasi tergantung pada jenis hewannya,
seperti pada kelinci masa kehamilannya sekitar 30 hari. Berdasarkan cara
reproduksi dan perkembangan fetusnya, beberapa mamalia memiliki
tingkatan-tingkatan dari yang rendah
sampai yang tinggi. Pada mamalia yang lebih tinggi tingkatannya, zygot yang
berkembang menjadi embrio dan kemudian tumbuh menjadi fetus tinggal dalam
uterus untuk waktu yang lebih lama. Sistem sirkulasi dan nutrisinya dihubungkan
melalui plasenta yang mengangkut nutrisi dari tubuh induknya (Anonymous,
2010a).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamalia umumnya
memiliki otak yang lebih besar di bandingkan dengan vertebrata yang lain dengan
ukuran tubuh yang sama, dan banyak spesiesnya mampu belajar. Mamalia juga
memiliki durasi pengasuhan anak yang relatif lama dikarenakan untuk
memperpanjang waktu bagi si anak untuk mempelajari kemampuan dan keterampilan
penting untuk kelangsungan hidupnya proses meniru orang tuanya (Carters, 1978).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.75in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hamster (mencit)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Hamster adalah binatang sejenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan_pengerat" title="Hewan pengerat"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">hewan pengerat</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">,
terdapat berbagai jenis di dunia dan hampir ada ditiap negara. Bentuknya yang
mini membuat hamster mudah untuk dibawah kemana-mana dan tidak memerlukan
kandang yang terlalu besar untuk merawatnya. Hamster termasuk ke dalam
subfamili cricetinae. Subfamili ini terbagi ke dalam sekitar 18 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">spesies</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">, yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam
enam atau tujuh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus" title="Genus"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">genus</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Hamster memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan" title="Badan"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">badan</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> yang gemuk,
dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekor" title="Ekor"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">ekor</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> yang lebih
pendek daripada badannya dan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telinga" title="Telinga"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">telinga</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> yang ditutupi rambut, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki" title="Kaki"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">kaki</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> yang lebar, pendek dan pendek
gemuk. Hamster memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulu" title="Bulu"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">rambut</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> yang tebal dan panjang, dan </span><span style="color: black;">rambut</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">nya memiliki
berbagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warna" title="Warna"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">warna</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> tergantung
spesies hamster tersebut, contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitam" title="Hitam"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">hitam</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu-abu" title="Abu-abu"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">abu-abu</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putih" title="Putih"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">putih</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coklat" title="Coklat"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">coklat</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuning" title="Kuning"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">kuning</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merah" title="Merah"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">merah</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">. Bagian bawah hamster berwarna
putih sampai abu-abu dan hitam. Hamster Dzhungaria - dikalangan hobiis dikenal
sebagai Hamster Winter White <i>(Phodopus sungorus)</i> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamster_kerdil_bergaris" title="Hamster kerdil bergaris"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">hamster
kerdil bergaris</span></a><span style="color: black;"> <i><span lang="IN">(Cricetulus barabensis)</span></i><span lang="IN"> memiliki garis </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitam" title="Hitam"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">hitam</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> dibawah bagian tengah punggung.
hamster kerdil padang pasir (genus Phodopus) adalah hamster terkecil, dengan
panjang badan 5 sampai 10 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentimeter" title="Sentimeter"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">sentimeter</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"> (sekitar 2 sampai 4 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inci" title="Inci"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">inci</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">) , sedangkan hamster terbesar
adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamster_Eropa" title="Hamster Eropa"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">hamster Eropa</span></a><span style="color: black;"> <i><span lang="IN">(Cricetus cricetus)</span></i><span lang="IN">, dengan panjang badan
lebih dari 34 </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentimeter" title="Sentimeter"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">sentimeter</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">, tidak
termasuk ekor pendek yang memiliki panjang 6 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentimeter" title="Sentimeter"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">sentimeter</span></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Morfologi mamalia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Tubuh Mamalia dibungkus oleh kulit yang ditumbuhi rambut, kecuali pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">telapak tangan
dan telapak kaki. Tubuh terdiri atas caput atau kepala, cerviks atau leher dan
truncus atau badan. Pada caput atau kepala terdapat : rima oris,Vibrissae
(kumis) nares, organon visus dan telinga. Pada truncus terdapat: thorax, abdoman,
dorsum, glutes, pinenium, dan glandula mammae. Pada bagian belakang
terdapat cauda atau ekor dan pada truncus juga dilengkapi dengan empat <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">alat gerak (tetrapoda) (Kastawi, 1992).</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi Mamalia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">System pencernaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdiri dari saluran pencernaan dan kelenjar pencernaan.
Saluran pencernaan terdiri atas cavum oris, pharynx, oesophagus,
ventruculvus, intestinumdan anus.1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Cavum Oris / rongga mulut.
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan
bagian-bagiannya sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Atap, terdiri atas :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Palatum durum / langit-langit keras, terdapat di sebelah mata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Palatum molle / langit-langit lunak, terdapat di sebelah belakang tepi belakangnya
disebut velum palatini. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dasar Dasar ruang
mulut dibatasi oleh lingua, sedangkan dinding lateral<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">dari ruang mulut dibatasi oleh otot pengunyah. Di dalam cavum oris </span>terdapat
gigi dan lidah. Tiap-tiap gigi mempunyai 3 bagian:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Radix : akar yang berada dalam alveolus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Corona : mahkota, pucuk gigi yang nampak dari luar/mahkota</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Collum : bagian leher, diantara radix dan corona/leher <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Macam gigi mamalia dibagi
atas:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dens incsivus (gigi seri) berbentuk seperti
pahat berguna untuk memotong atau mengerat. Pada hewan pengerat hanya
dataran muka <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">yang dilapisi email yang keras, dan gigi itu tumbuh terus.</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dens caninus
(gigi taring) : runcing berguna untuk menyobek. Pada <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">hewan carnivora tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Premolare
(geraham muka): coronanya mempunyai crista dari email yang melintang dan tajam,
berguna untuk mengunyah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Molare (geraham
belakang) : terdapat di sebelah posterior dari<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> premolare.
Coronanya juga bercrista dan berfungsi untuk mengunyah.Rumus gigi disimbolkan
sebagai berikut : I. C. P. M. untuk setengah rahang (Kastawi, 1992).</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pharinx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pharynx terbagi
atas 3 bagian :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Cavum naso pharyngeum,
yang berbatasan dengan cavum nasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Cavum oro- pharyngeum,
yang berbatasan dengan cavum oris</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Cavum pharyngeum, yang
berbatasan dengan larynx </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cavum naso pharyngeum dan cavum oro pharyngeum
dipisahkan oleh palatum molle. Pada cavum naso pharyngeum terdapatlah
ostium pharyngeum tubae auditvae eusctahii. Lubang-lubang yang berhubungan
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">dengan faring:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dua lubang dari cavum
nasi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Dua
lubang dari tuba eustachii</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Satu lubang dari cavum oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Satu lubang menuju oesophagus</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Satu lubang menuju larynx (Kastawi, 1992).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oesophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merupakan saluran yang berjalan sepanjang leher
menuju ke cavum thoracis menembus diafragma melalui hiastus oesophagus terus ke
cavum <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">abdominalis. Oesophagus bermuara ke
dalam ventriculus di bagian medio-</span>rostral (Kastawi, 1992).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adalah kelanjutan oesophagus yang melebar dan
membentuk kantung,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">dengan bagian-bagian:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Curvatura major : di kiri
caudal dari ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Curvatura monor : di kanan,
rostral dari ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cardia : bagian permulaan
dari ventriculus dimana oesophagus bermuara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fundus : bagian caudal
dari ventriculus yang berupa kantung. Makanan yang masuk ke ventriculus
berjalan sepanjang curvatura major dan difundus makanan digiling, kemudian
ditambah pepsin dan HCl yang dihasilkan fundus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pylorus : bagian terakhir
dari ventriculus yang mengecil, terletak disebelah kanan dari ventriculus dan
melanjutkan diri ke duodenum. Pylorus merupakan bagian/daerah yang dindingnya
mengandung otot-otot yang tersusun melingkar dan tebal, membatasi daerah
lambung dan usus halus<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">(Kastawi, 1992)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum tenus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum tenus terdiri
dari :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Duodenum,
merupakan cranial dari usus halus, padanya bermuara </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">kelenjar-kelenjar pencernaan, seperti hati, hepar,dan pankreas
yang berwarna merah muda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jejenum dan ileum,
berbelit-belit dan merupakan kelanjutan dari <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">duodenum
(Kastawi, 1992).</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum crassuma.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Caesum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada herbivora umumnya caecum ini membesar
karena diperlukan untuk pencernaan cellulosa oleh bakteri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Haustra :
kantung-kantung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Incisura : lekukan-lekukan di antara haustra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Taenia coli : garis seperti pita yang berjalan
di medial sepanjang caecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Colon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Disebelah dari ventriculus, berjalan caudo diagonal diatas caecumc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">RectumHijau abu-abu,
merupakan bagian yang terakhir dari sistem pencernaan <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">yang bermuara pada : anus,
lubang pelepasan.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 61.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelenjar pencernaan, terdiri dari :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Glandulae salivarae ( kelenjar
ludah)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Glandulae mucosae
:Terdapat pada dinding sebelah dalam dari ventriculus dan intestinum(terutama
intestinum tenue)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hepar (hati)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu kelenjar yang besar berwarna ke coklat-coklatan
terletak disebelah kanan di bawah diaphragma, terbagi atas beberapa lobi. Ditiap
lobi terdapat ductus hepaticus yang mengeluarkan sekresi vesica fellea (kantung
empedu). Dari sini akan keluar ductus cysticus yang selanjutnya akan bertemu
dengan ductus pancreaticus bersama membentuk ductus choledocus yang bermuara di
bagian cranial <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">duodenum.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">[6]</span></span></span></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">System eksresi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem
ekskresi mamalia hampir sama dengan manusia, tetapi sedikit berbeda yang di
sebabkan oleh lingkungan tempat
tinggalnya. Paru-paru terletak di dalam rongga dada, di lindungi oleh struktur
selangka dan di selaputi karung di dinding dikenal sebagai pleura. Bernafas
kebanyakan dilakukan oleh diagfragama paru-paru berada mengembang. Sangkar
selangka juga boleh menguncup sedikit ini menyebabkan udara tertarik ke dalam
keluar paru-paru melalui trakhea dan broknial tubes yang bercabang dan
mempunyai alveolus di ujung yaitu karung kecil di kapilari yang dipenuhi darah.
Di sini oksigen meresap banyak masuk kedalam darah, dimana akan di angkut oleh
hemoglobin. (Anonymous,2010).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">System pernapasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem ini terdiri dari cor, pulmo,
bronchus, trachea, larynx, glandula sublingualis, glandula submandibularis,
glandula parotis. Alur-alur hidung mengandung tulang-tulang turbinal yang
berkelok-kelok yang memperluas permukaan olfaktori. Laring beratap sebuah
epiglottis yang mengandung pita-pita suara. Dua paru-paru masing-masing dalam
ruang pleura yang terpisah. Fase aktif dalam pernapasan adalah inspirasi yang
diikuti oleh depresi (perataan) dari diafragma dan elevasi dari tulang-tulang
iga (dengan gerakan melengkung keluar).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">System Reproduksi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem ini
terdiri dari glandula mamae, fermur, kepala susu, batang penis, clitosis, lekuk
perineum, lubang vagina, anus, dan skrotum. Organ genitalia pada kelinci betina
terditi dari vulva yaitu suatu celah yang dibatasi oleh dua buah bibir , yaitu
labium major dan labium minor. Di suatu cranial pada kedua labium tersebut
terdapat suatu tonjolan yang disebut clitoris. Sedangkan organ genital pada
kelinci yantan yaitu penis yang merupakan alat copulation dan scrotum yang
berbentuk menyerupai kantung yang di dalamnya terdspat testis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">System saraf<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem ini
terdiri dari lobus ultaklorius, gines, fisura lomentudinalis, sulkus, kolpura
kaudal gemina, serebrum, lobus sentraus, flokulus, lobus lateralis. Sistem
saraf pada mamalia, secara general memiliki tingkat perkembangan yang lebih
tinggi dari kelas lain. Serebrum berukuran lebih besar jika dibandingkan
keseluruhan bagian otak. Serebellum juga berukuran lebih besar dan berlobus
lateral 2 buah. Lobus optikus ada 4 buah, setiap bagian lateralnya dibagi oleh
alur transversal menjadi lobus anterior dan posterior. Otak (encephalon)
terdiri dari beberapa bagian yang hampir sama dengan vertebrata yang lain,
seperti prosencephalon, lobus opticus, cerebellum dan medulla oblongata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<b>Sistem Otot</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bila
dibandingkan dengan vertebrata rendah mamalia memiliki musculus segmen pada
vertebra dan costae lebih sedikit dan sehubungan dengan aktifitas yang lebih
banyak pada kepala, leher, dan extremitas berkembang baik. Anggota tubuh
terproyeksi kearah ventral tidak seperti amphibia dan reptilia (ke arah
lateral). Diantara musculus yang penting bila kulit dibuka antara lain ialah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Musculus massetter, kanan kiri yang
melekat pada rahang atas dan rahang bawah; musculi ini kuat berguna untuk
mengunyah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Musculus sterno cephalica, kanan
kiri leher memanjang, menggandeng kepala dan sternum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Musculus pectoralis, berbentuk
lebar melekat pada sternum dan humerus terdiri atas dua bagian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Musculus rectus abdominalis,
ditengah tengah perut, menghubungkann pelvicus dengan sternum. Menutup ruang perut
pada ventral (dibawah).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Musculus
obliqus abdominalis, terdiri atas dua bagian yaitu musculus oblicus externa dan
interna; musculus tersebut menutup perut bagian samping.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Musculus
tranversus abdominalis, terletak dibawah musculus oblicus interna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Musculus
intercostalis, terdiri atas dua bagian yaitu musculus intercostalis interna dan
musculus intercostalis externa terdapat diantara costae.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Musculus
latisimus dorsi, terdapat di atas punggung, membujur dari leher hingga tulang
pelvicus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Musculus-musculus
yang terdapat pada tiap-tiap extremitas anterior dan posterior berfungsi
menggerakkan kaki dan bagian-bagianya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.1</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b>Waktu dan Tempat</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Praktikum ini dilaksanakan pada hari
selasa,03 Januari 2012, pukul 09 : 30. Di laboratorium IAIN RADEN FATAH
Palembang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.2 Alat
dan Bahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Adapun alat dan bahan yang digunakan
pada praktikum ini yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cutter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gunting bedah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nampan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kapas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat-ala</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">t tulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kloroform<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hamster<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.3
Cara Kerja<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Hamster dibius dengan menggunakan kapas yang telah
diberi kloroform. Mengamati morfologi hamster dan menggambarnya. Selanjutnya hamster
dibedah untuk mengamati organ-organ dalamnya(anatomi) mulai dari pembedahan
bagian mulut, sampai dengan bagian tubuh,untuk melihat organ-organ pencernaan,
kelenjarnya, sampai organ urogenitalnya, dan setelah diamati menggambar semua
bagian tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB IV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel 1: Morfologi Hamster<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 180.9pt;" valign="top" width="241"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><img border="0" height="430" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="416" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar:
Morfologi Hamster<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">CAPUT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TRUNCUS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">CAUDA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Organon
visus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nares<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rima
oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Porus
acusticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Brachium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anterbrachium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Manus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Digiti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Falcula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Femur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Crus <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Putting susu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cauda (ekor)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Table 2: anatomi Hamster<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 324.9pt;" valign="top" width="433"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.6pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 324.9pt;" valign="top" width="433"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><img border="0" height="329" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="408" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar : Diapragma<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pers
muscularis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pars
sternalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27.35pt; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pars
costalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27.35pt; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pars
lumbalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Centrum
tendineum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Foramen
varae cavane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hiatus
esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hiatus
oarticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Musculus
psoas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Frocessus
xiphrideus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><img border="0" height="315" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_3" width="398" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar : Topographi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Venriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum
tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vesica
fellea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancreas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Glandula
suprarenalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uterus musculinus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 324.9pt;" valign="top" width="433"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><img border="0" height="333" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_4" width="397" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar :
Cavum oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Maxilla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mandibulla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dens
incisivus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Palatum
durum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Palatum
molle<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Diastema<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dens
praemolare<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dens
molare<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pharynx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lingua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Velum palatine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.8pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">choana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 324.9pt;" valign="top" width="433"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><img border="0" height="315" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_5" width="407" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar:
Sistema Digestorium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Duodenum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Intestinum
tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Taenia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Hustra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Incisura<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Intestinum
crasum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">B.
glandula digestoria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a.
hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">b.
vesica fellea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">c.
pancreas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">d.
ductus choledochus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">e.
ductus hepaticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 12.85pt; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">f.
ductus cysticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 324.9pt;" valign="top" width="433"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><img border="0" height="328" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_6" width="396" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar:
Sistema Urogenital<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vesica
urinaria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uretra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Orificium
ureterae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Glandula
suprarenalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mesovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ostium
abdominal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vagina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 11.55pt; text-indent: -11.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Introitus vagina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 324.9pt;" valign="top" width="433"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><img border="0" height="343" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_7" width="403" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar:
Encephalon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bulbus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hemispaerium
cerebri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fessura
longitudinal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Epiphysis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Corpora
quadrigemina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vermis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lobus
lateralis cerebri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Flocculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.55pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Medulla
oblongata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pembahasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hamster (mencit)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kingdom : Animalia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Filum : Chordata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas : Mamalia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo : Rodentia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfologi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tubuh hamster
berukuran kecil,dan ditutupi oleh rambut-rambut yang halus,berwarna putih,
adapun secara morfologi yang dapat amati tubuhnya dibgi menjadi 3 bagian yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 23pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Caput<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
bagian kepala hamster terdapat bagian-bagian seperti yang dapat kami lihat
yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Organon
visus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nares<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rima
oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Porus
acusticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 23pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Truncus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada bagian tubuh preparat dapat dilihat
bagian-bagian:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Brachium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anterbrachium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Manus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Digiti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Falcula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Femur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 32pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Putting
susu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 26.5pt; text-indent: 23pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cauda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ekor terlihat kecil dan pendek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Diapragma
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada diapragma
terlihat bagia-bagian yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pers muscularis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pars
sternalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pars
costalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pars
lumbalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Centrum tendineum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Foramen varae cavane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hiatus
esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hiatus oarticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Musculus psoas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Frocessus xiphrideus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Topographi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Organ-organ
dalam yang dapat kami amati yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Venriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum
tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vesica
fellea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancreas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Glandula
suprarenalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">k.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">l.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">m.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">n.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uterus
musculinus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cavum
oris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada bagian
rongga mulut terlihat beberapa komponen yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Maxilla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mandibulla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dens
incisivus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Palatum
durum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Palatum
molle<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Diastema<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dens
praemolare<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dens
molare<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pharynx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lingua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">k.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Velum
palatine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">l.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">choana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">System
Pencernaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun alat-alat saluran pencernaan dan glandula pencernaan yang terlihat
yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Saluran pencernaan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Esophagus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ventriculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Duodenum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum
tenue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Coecum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Taenia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hustra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Incisura<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Intestinum
crasum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rectum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">k.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 12.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Adapun glandula digestoria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">hepar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">vesica
fellea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">pancreas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ductus
choledochus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ductus
hepaticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ductus
cysticus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
kelamin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Preparat yang
kami gunakan pada praktikum ini berjenis
kelamin betina(</span><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">♀)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Adapun organ-organ urogenital yang
dapat dilihat yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ureter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vesica
urinaria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uretra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Orificium
ureterae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Glandula
suprarenalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mesovarium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ostium
abdominal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oviduct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">k.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uterus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">l.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vagina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Introitus
vagina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Encephalon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian otak
yang terlihat pada saat dilakukan pembedahan secara dorsal:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bulbus
olfactorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hemispaerium
cerebri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fessura
longitudinal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Epiphysis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Corpora
quadrigemina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vermis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lobus
lateralis cerebri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Flocculus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Medulla
oblongata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vertebrata paling sempurna adalah
mamalia dibanding dengan vertebrata lainnya seperti pisces, amphibi, reptile
dan aves mamalia jauh lebih berkembang baik dari segi organ-organnya maupun
sistemnya, seperti pada sistem gerak pada mamalia sudah berkembang, memiliki
glandula mamae, serta melahirkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB V <br />
KESIMPULAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hamster<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara
morfologi tubuhnya ditutupi oleh rambut-rambut halus berwarna putih, selain itu
tubuhnya dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu: caput(kepala); nares,organon
visus,rima oris,porus acusticus,
truncus(badan);brachium,anterbrachium,manus,femur,crus,pes,digiti,dan falcula,
cauda(ekor)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara anatomi
memiliki bagian: esophagus, venriculus, intestinum tenue, coecum, vesica
fellea, hepar, pancreas, glandula suprarenalis, ren, ureter, ovarium, oviduct,
lien, dan uterus musculinus. Keseluruhan organ akan membentuk suatu sistem
organ seperti sistem pencernaa, sistem pernapasa, sistem urogenital dan
terakhir sistem saraf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri.2007. <i>Zoologi
Vertebrata.</i> Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">http://mei-science.blogspot.com/2009/10/laporan-praktikum-mamalia.html<span style="color: black;">(03-01-2012)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://rykibio046.blogspot.com/2011/05/laporan-praktikum-taksonomi-hewan_5993.html%2804-01-2012%29"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://rykibio046.blogspot.com/2011/05/laporan-praktikum-taksonomi-hewan_5993.html(04-01-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamster%2803-01-2012%29"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamster(03-01-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/43947076/Mamalia-makalah%2804012012%29"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/43947076/Mamalia-makalah(04012012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://ahmadin1991.blogspot.com/2011/04/laporan-praktikum-biologi-mencit.html%2803-01-2012%29"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://ahmadin1991.blogspot.com/2011/04/laporan-praktikum-biologi-mencit.html(03-01-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://jouleyasha.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum-mammalia.html%2803-01-2012"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">http://jouleyasha.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum-mammalia.html(03-01-2012</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> A. <span style="color: black;">Campbel Neil, B. Reece Jane, G. Mitchell Lawrence. <i>Biologi
Edisi Kelima Jilid II. </i></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">(Jakarta: Erlangga, 2003) hal.272<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">
http://mei-science.blogspot.com/2009/10/laporan-praktikum-mamalia.html<span style="color: black;">(03-01-2012)</span></span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></a> <span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Slamet, Adeng
dan Madang Kodri. <i>Zoologi Vertebrata.</i> (Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI,
2007),hal.74</span><span lang="FR"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><a href="http://ahmadin1991.blogspot.com/2011/04/laporan-praktikum-biologi-mencit.html%2803-01-2012%29"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">http://ahmadin1991.blogspot.com/2011/04/laporan-praktikum-biologi-mencit.html(03-01-2012)</span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><a href="http://jouleyasha.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum-mammalia.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">http://jouleyasha.blogspot.com/2010/05/laporan-praktikum-mammalia.html</span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">(03-01-2012)</span></div>
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<span lang="FR"><o:p> by: Daryanti</o:p></span></div>
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</div>Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-7980613075477787742012-01-06T06:58:00.000-08:002012-01-06T06:58:40.087-08:00Pancasila<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cryan%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cryan%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cryan%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">PANCASILA SEBAGAI PARADIGMA REFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Pancasila<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila adalah filsafat Negara Indonesia yang memiliki 5 sila yang merupakan acuan dan pegangan hidup bangsa Indonesia.<br />
Reformasi memiliki makna, yaitu suatu gerakan untuk memformat ulang, menata ulang atau menata kembali hal-hal yang menyimpang untuk dikembalikan pada format atau bentuk semula sesuai dengan nilai-nilai ideal yang dicita-citakan rakyat. Apabila gerakan reformasi ingin menata kembali tatanan kehidupan yang lebih baik, tiada jalan lain adalah mendasarkan kembali pada nilai-nilai dasar kehidupan yang dimiliki bangsa Indonesia. Nilai-nilai dasar kehidupan yang baik itu sudah terkristalisasi dalam pancasila sebagai dasardanideologi negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut beberapa tokoh pancasila adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Muhammad Yamin<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila berasal dari bahasa sanskerta yaitu panca yang berarti lima dan sila yang berati sendi, asas, dasar, atau peratuan tingkah laku yang penting dan baik. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian pancasila merupakan lima dasar ang berisi pedoman atau aturan tentang tingkah laku yang penting dan baik.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ir. Soekarno<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila adalah isi jiwa bangsa indonesia yang turun-menurun yang sekian abad lamanya terpendam bisu oleh kebudayaan Barat. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian, Pancasila merupakan lima dasar yang berisi pedoman atau aturan tentang tingkah laku yang penting dan baik.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notonagoro<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila adalah dasar falsafah negara Indonesia. Berdasarkan pengertian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pancasila pada hakikatnya merupakan dasar falsafah dan ideology Negara yang diharapkan menjadi pandangan hidup bangsa Indonesia sebagai dasar pemersatu, lambing persatuan dan kesatuan, serta sebagai pertahanan bangsa dan Negara Indonesia.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarka terminologi<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada 1 Juni 1945 dalam Sidang Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI), pancasila yang memiliki arti lima asas dasar digunakan oleh Presiden Soekarno untuk memberikan nama untuk lima prinsip dasar negara indonesia yang diusulkannya. Kata Pancasila dibisikkan oleh Muhammad Yamin seorang ahli bahasa yang duduk di samping Ir. Soekarno.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tanggal 18 Agustus 1945 disahkan Undang-Undang Dasar<span> </span>Negara Republik Indonesia yang di dalamnya memuat isi rumusan lima prinsip dasar negara yang diberi nama Pancasila. Sejak saat itulah istilah Pancasila mejadi bahasa Indonesia dan digunakan sebagai istilah yang sudah umum.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Pan</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">casila adal</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ah sum</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ber dar</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">i segala sum</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ber hukum yang ada di Negara Kesatu</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">an</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">Republik Indonesia, merupakan Maha karya pendahulu bangsa yang tergali dari jati diri dan</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">nilai-nilai adi luhur bangsa yang tidak dimiliki oleh bangsa lain. Dengan berbagai kajian ternyata<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;">didapat beberapa kandungan dan keterkaitan antara sila tersebut sebagai sebuah satu kesatuanyang tidak bisa di pisahkan dikarenakan antar sila tersebut saling menjiwai satu dengan yang</span>lain. Ini dengan sendirinya menjadi ciri khas dari semua kegiatan serta aktivitas desah nafas dan<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> jatuh bangunnya perjalanan sejarah bangsa yang telah melewati masa-masa sulit dari jaman</span> penjajahan sampai pada saat mengisi kemerdekaan.Ironisnya bahwa ternyata banyak sekarang warga Indonesia sendiri lupa dan sudah asingdengan pancasila itu sendiri. Ini tentu menjadi tanda tanya besar kenapa dan ada apa dengan kita<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;">sebagai anak bangsa yang justru besar dan mengalami pasang surut masalah negari ini belum bisa mengoptimalkan tentang pengamalan nilai-nilai Pancasila tersebut. Terlebih lagi saat ini</span>dengan jaman yang disepakati dengan nama Era Reformasi yang terlahir dengan semangat untuk mengembalikan tata negara ini dari penyelewengan-penyelewengan sebelumnya.Arah dan tujuan reformasi yang utama adalah untuk menanggulangi dan menghilangkandengan cara mengurangi secara bertahap dan terus-menerus krisis yang berkepanjangan di segala<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt;"> b</span></span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">idang keh</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">id</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">upa</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">n, se</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">rt</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">a menat</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">a ke</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">mbal</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">i ke ar</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">ah kon</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">di</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">si ya</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">ng lebi</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">h baik atas sy</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 2.6pt; line-height: 150%;">stem</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ket</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ata</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">nega</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">raa</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">n Republik Indonesia yan</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">g telah han</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">cur, menuju Indonesia baru. Pada mas</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">a</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">sekarang arah tujuan reformasi kini tidak jelas juntrungnya walaupun secara birokratis, rezim</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">or</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">de ba</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">ru tela</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">h tu</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">mb</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">an</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">g namu</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">n, me</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">nt</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">al</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">it</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">as or</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">de ba</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">ru ma</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">sih na</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">mpak disana-sin</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 3.45pt; line-height: 150%;">i.</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">Sed</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">angkan pan</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">casila adal</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ah seb</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">agai ide</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">olo</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">gi bangsa Indonesia yan</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">g merupakan has</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">il dar</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">i</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> penggabungan dari nilai-nilai luhur yang berasal dari akar budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Sebagaisebuah ideologi politik, Pancasila bisa bertahan dalam menghadapi perubahan masyarakat, tetapi<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> bi</span></span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">sa pul</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">a puda</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">r dan diting</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">galkan oleh pend</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">uku</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ngny</span></span><span class="l8"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Hal itu tergantung pad</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">a day</span></span><span class="l7"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">a tah</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">an</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ideologi tersebut. Ideologi akan mampu bertahan dalam menghadapi perubahan masyarakat bila<span style="letter-spacing: 4.35pt;">m</span></span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">em</span></span><span class="l10"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">punyai t</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">ig</span></span><span class="l10"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">a dim</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">en</span></span><span class="l9"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">s</span></span><span class="l6"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">i. </span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">Ke</span></span><span class="l10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">t</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">ig</span></span><span class="l10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">a di</span></span><span class="l11"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">me</span></span><span class="l10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">nsi ant</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">ar</span></span><span class="l10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">a l</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">ai</span></span><span class="l11"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">n se</span></span><span class="l10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">baga</span></span><span class="l9"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">i be</span></span><span class="l10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">ri</span></span><span class="l11"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">ku</span></span><span class="l10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">t mel</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">ip</span></span><span class="l10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">ut</span></span><span class="l11"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt; line-height: 150%;">i :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">Idealism</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">e, yaitu kadar atau kualitas idealisme yang terkandung di dalam ideologi atau nilai</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">nilai dasarnya. Kualitas itu menentukan kemampuan ideologi dalam memberikan harapan kepada berbagai masyarakat untuk mempunyai atau membina kehidupan bersama secara lebih baik danuntuk membangun suatu masa depan yang lebih cerah.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">Realita, menunjuk pada kemamp</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">una ideologi untuk mencerminkan reali</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">ta yang hidup dalam</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">masyarakat dimana ia muncul untuk pertama kalinya, paling kurang realita pada saat awal</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">kelahirannya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">Fleksibilitas, yaitu kemampuan ideologi dalam mempengaruhi dan sekaligus menyesuaikan</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">dir</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">i den</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">gan per</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">tumbuhan atau per</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">kembangan mas</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">yarakat</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">nya</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">. Mempengaru</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">hi berart</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">i iku</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">t</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">mew</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">arn</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ai pro</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ses per</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">kem</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">bang</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">an. Sed</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">angk</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">an Men</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">yes</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">uai</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">kan dir</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">i ber</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">art</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">i bahwa masyaraka</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">t</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;"> berha</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">sil menemukan tafsi</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">ran-t</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">afsiran terhadap nilai</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">-nilai dasar dari ideologi sesua</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">i dengan</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">realita-realita baru yang muncul dan mereka hadapi.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;">Mak</span></span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">a dari itu panc</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">asila seb</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">agai ideolo</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">gi harusl</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ah mem</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">puny</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ai dim</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ens</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">ibi</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.75pt; line-height: 150%;">litas agar </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">substansi-substansi pokok yang dikandungnya tidak lekang dimakan waktu. Pada masa reformasi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;">yang dimulai dari tahun 1998 hingga masa sekar</span></span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">ang, orang-orang mulai menanyakan revelansi</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.85pt; line-height: 150%;">dari pancasila untuk menjawab segala tantangan zaman terlebih lagi di era globalisasi seperti</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sekarang ini. Maka Pancaila menurut saya mutlak masih diperlukan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Paradigma<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Istilah paradigma pada mulanya dipakai dalam bidang filsafat ilmu pengetahuan. Menurut Thomas Kuhn, Orang yang pertama kali mengemukakan istilah tersebut menyatakan bahwa ilmu pada waktu tertentu didominasi oleh suatu paradigma. Paradigma adalah pandangan mendasar dari para ilmuwan tentang apa yang menjadi pokok persoalan suatu cabang ilmu pengetahuan. Dengan demikian, paradigma sebagai alat bantu para illmuwan dalam merumuskan apa yang harus dipelajari, apa yang harus dijawab, bagaimana seharusnya dalam menjawab dan aturan-aturan yang bagaimana yang harus dijalankan dalam mengetahui persoalan tersebut. Suatu paradigma mengandung sudut pandang, kerangka acuan yang harus dijalankan oleh ilmuwan yang mengikuti paradigma tersebut. Dengan suatu paradigma atau sudut pandang dan kerangka acuan tertentu, seorang ilmuwan dapat menjelaskan sekaligus menjawab suatu masalah dalam ilmu pengetahuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Istilah paradigma makin lama makin berkembang tidak hanya di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, tetapi pada bidang lain seperti bidang politik, hukum, sosial dan ekonomi. Paradigma kemudian berkembang dalam pengertian sebagai kerangka pikir, kerangka bertindak, acuan, orientasi, sumber, tolok ukur, parameter, arah dan tujuan. Sesuatu dijadikan paradigma berarti sesuatu itu dijadikan sebagai kerangka, acuan, tolok ukur, parameter, arah, dan tujuan dari sebuah kegiatan. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Dengan demikian, paradigma menempati posisi tinggi dan penting dalam melaksanakan segala hal dalam kehidupan manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Seperti pada istilah teori istilah paradigma juga didefinisikan, yang berbeda-beda tergantung siapa yang memberikan definisi, Ritzer memberikan definisi paradigma seperti yang dikutip Belkaoui(1999), sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>“A paradigm is a fundamental image of the subject matter within a science. It serves to define what should be studied, what questions should be asked, how they should be asked, and rules should be followed in interpreting the answers obtained. The paradigm is the broadest unit of consensus within a science and serves to differentiate one scientific community (or sub community) from another. It assumes, defines, and interrelates the exlampars, theories, methods, and instrumenst that exist within it”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Apa yang didefinisikan oleh Ritzer tentang paradigm, intinya adalah bahwa suatu paradigma merupakan “ citra mendasar dari sesuatu yang menjadi perbincangan( subject matter) di dalam ilayah sain “ Ia menerangkan apa yang seharusnya dikaji dan aturan apa yang seharusnya diikuti dalam menafsirkan jawaban yang diperolehnya. Dia kemudian mengatakan paradigm merupakan unit yang paling luas dari pada consensus dalam suatu “sains” dan membedakan satu masyarakat ilmiah dari yang lainnya. Paradigm mengasumsikan, mendefinisikan, dan saling mengaitkan pada contoh teori, metode, dan instrument-instrumen yang ada di dalam paradigm itu.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Selain itu ada juga pendapat lain yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Paradigma dipopulerkan oleh Thomas S. Kuhn dalam bukunya the trueo scientific revolution pada tahun 1962. Paradgma ilmiah menurut Kuhn, adalah konstalasi hasil-hasil kajian, seperangkat konsep, nilai, teknik, dan lainnya, yang digunakan secara bersama<span> </span>oleh suatu komunitas untuk menentukan keabsahan problem dan solusinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Capra (1991) memperluas definisi Kuhn menjadi paradigm social, berupa kumpulan konsep, nilai, persepsi, dan praktik yang dimiliki bersama oleh suatu komunitas yang membentuk suatu system realitas yang menjadi landasan bagaimana komunitas itu mengatur dirinya sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan dua definisi itu, kita dapat merangkumnkan bahwa paradigma merupakan suatu kerangka<span> </span>konseptual, termasuk nilai , teknik dan metode, yang disepakati dan digunakan untuk suatu komunitas dalam memahami atau menpersepsi semesta. Dengan demikian, fungsi utama paradigma adalah sebagai<span> </span>acuan dalam megarahkan tindakan, baik tindakan sehari-hari maupun tindakan ilmiah sebagai acuan, maka lingkup suatu paradigma mencakup berbagai asumsi<span> </span>dasar yang berkaitan dengan aspek ontology, epistemology dan metodologi. Dengan kata lain , paradigma dapat diartikn sebagi cara berpikir atau cara memahami gejala fenomena semesta yang dianut oleh sekelompok masyarakat, (world view) . seorang pribadi dapat mempuyai sebuah cara pandang spesifik, tetapi cara pandang itu paradigma,karena sebuah paradigma harus dianut oleh suatu komunitas.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Definisi paradigma. paradigma adalah suatu asumsi-asumsi dasar dan asumsi-asumsi teoritis yang umum yang merupakan suatu sumber nilai. Konsekuensinya hal itu merupakan suatu sumber hukum-hukum, metode, serta penerapan dalam ilmu pengetahuan sehingga sangat menentukan sifat, ciri serta karakter ilmu pengetahuan itu sendiri. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Istilah ilmiah tersebut kemudian berkembang dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan manusia serta ilmu pengetahuan lain, misalnya politik, hukum, ekonomi dan budaya serta bidang-bidang lainnya. Dalam masalah yang popular ini istilah “paradigm” berkembang menjadi suatu terminology yang mengandung konotasi pengertian sumber nilai, kerangka pikir, orientasi dasar, sumber asas arah dan tujuan dari suatu perkembangan, perubahan serta proses dalam suatu bidang tertentu. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Arti Etimologis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 34.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>Kata </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">paradigma berasal dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti <i>suatu model, teladan, arketif dan ideal</i>. Berasal dari kata <i>para</i> yang berarti di samping memperlihatkan dirinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 34.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Arti</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> paradigma ditinjau dari asal usul beberapa bahasa diantaranya:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 52.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut <i>bahasa Inggris</i> – paradigma berarti <i>keadaan lingkungan.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 52.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut <i>bahasa Yunani</i> – paradigma yakni <i>para</i> yang berarti disamping di sebelah dan dikenal sedangkan <i>deigma</i> berarti suatu model, teladan, arketip, dan ideal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 52.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut <i>kamus psycologi </i>– paradigma diartikan sebagai <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 72.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Satu model atau pola untuk mendemontrasikan semua fungsi yang memungkinkan ada dari apa yang tersajikan,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 72.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rencana riset berdasarkan konsep-konsep khusus, dan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 72.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Satu bentuk eksperimental.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 72.15pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Arti Terminologis</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Secara terminologis arti paradigma sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Paradigma adalah konstruk berpikir berdasarkan pandangan yang menyeluruh dan konseptual terhadap suatu permasalah dengan menggunakan teore formal, eksperimentasi dan metode keilmuan yang terpercaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dasar-dasar untuk menyeleksi problem dan pola untuk mencari permasalahan riset.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Paradigma adalah suatu pandangan terhadap dunia alam sekitarnya, yang merupakan persfektif umum, suatu cara untuk menjabarkan masalah-masalah dunia nyata yang kompleks.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedang Salim (2001:33), yang mengacu pandangan Guba (1990), Denzin & Lincoln (1994) menyimpulkan <i>paradigma merupakan seperangkat kepercayaan atau keyakinan dasar yang menuntun seseorang dalam bertindak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari</i>. Atau <i>seperangkat keyakinan mendasar yang memandu tindakan-tindakan kita baik tindakan keseharian maupun dalam penyelidikan ilmiah</i>. Dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan ilmiah paradigma didefinisikan sebagai <i>sejumlah perangkat keyakinan dasar yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan hakikat ilmu pengetahuan yang sebenarnya dan bagaimana cara untuk mendapatkannya</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam komunitas Sosiologi, definisi paradigma yang banyak digunakan mengacu pada definisi dari George Ritzer. Menurut Ritzer dalam buku: <i>Sociology A Multiple Paradigm Science (1975): paradigma merupakan gambaran fundamental tentang pokok permasalahan dalam suatu ilmu pengetahuan. Paradigma membantu memberikan definisi tentang apa yang harus dipelajari, pertanyaan apa yang harus dikemukakan, bagaimana pertanyaan itu dikemukakan, dan peraturan apa yang harus dipatuhi dalam menginterpretasi jawaban yang diperoleh. Paradigma merupakan suatu konsensus yang paling luas dalam suatu ilmu pengetahuan dan membantu membedakan satu komunitas ilmiah (atau subkomunitas) dari yang lain. Paradigma memasukkan, mendefinisikan, dan menghubungkan eksemplar, teori, metode, dan instrumen yang ada di dalamnya</i> (Ritzer, 1975 dalam Lawang, 1998:2).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gerakan Reformasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam rangka pelaksanaan penyelenggaran hidup bernegara republic Indonesia termasuk jalanya ketatanegaraan, bangsa Indonesia telah mengalami sejarah momen sejarah baru yaitu reformasi, system reformasi tepatnya<span> </span>terjadi pada sekitar tahun1998 setelah tumbangnya pemerintahan orde baru yang sebelumnya telah berlangsung selama lebih kurang tiga puluh dua tahun silam.<span> </span>Gerakan reformasi terjadi sebagai akibat krisis yang bersifat multidimensi diseluruh Negara Indonesia yang menyangkut segenap bidang kehidupan, baik politik, ekonomi, social buadya, maupun keamanan dan ketertiban.Diikuti pula oleh suatu kondisi yang sagat rawan<span> </span>sebagai akibat perbedaan yang sangat tajam atara golongan<span> </span>yang diatas (pemgang tampuk kekuasaan) dengan rakyat yang<span> </span>mengalami kehidupan yang sangat menderita, tertekan, dan tidak berdaya. Berangkat dari keprihatinan moral yang<span> </span>dalam atas berbagi peristiwa di dalam negeri diakibatkan membung tingginya harga<span> </span>pokok kehidupan masyarakat, merajalelanya korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme, serta tingkah kepemimpinan yang sangat menyimpang padatatanan kehidupan, dimulailah gerakan reformasi yang diprakarsai oleh para mahasiswa selanjutnya<span> </span>melibatkan<span> </span>lemabga social masyarakat serta akhirnya menyangkut<span> </span>seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Lebih tergugah lagi dengan terjadinya peristiwa/ tragedi 12 mei 1998, selain pengorbanan jiwa raga dan harta benda maka merebaklah semangat reformasi keseluruh lingkup kehidupan untuk mengakhiri kekuasaan orde baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Arah dan tujuan reformasi yang utama dalah untuk menanggulangi dn menghilangkn dengan cara mengurangi<span> </span>secara bertahap dan terus menerus krisis yang<span> </span>berkepanjangan serta menata kembali<span> </span>kearah kondisi yang lebih baik dan system ketatanegraan republic Indonesia yangg telah hancur menuju Indonesia baru. Reformasi berasal dari kata “reformation” dengan kata dasar”reform” yang memiliki arti perbaikan, pembaharuan, memperbaiki dan menjadi lebih baik. Secara umum rerformasi di Indonesia dapat diartikan sebagai melakukan perubahan kearah yang baik dengan cara menata ulang hal-hal yang telah menyimpang dan tidak sesuai lagi dengan<span> </span>kondisi dan struktur ketatanegaraan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan reformasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan eformasi dapat disebutkan sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan perubahan secara<span> </span>serius dan bertahap untuk menemukan nilai-nilai baru dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menata kembali sruktural kenegaraan, termasuk perundangan dan konstitusi yang menyimpang dari arah perjuangan dan cita-cita seluruh masyarakat bangsa <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan perbaikan disegenap bidang kehidupan baik politik,ekonomi, social budya, maupun pertahanan keamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menghapus dan menghilangkan cara-cara hidup dan kebiasaan dalam masyarakat bangsa yang tidak sesuai dengan tuntutan reformasi, seperti KKN, kekuasaan sewenang-wenang atau otoriter, penyimpangan dan penyelewengan yang lain<span> </span>dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Syarat-syarat reformasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun ketentuan atau syarat-syarat yang bisa menyatakan suatu kondisi reformasi adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Telah terjadi penyimpangan dan penyelewengan dalam pelaksanaan<span> </span>kehidupan dibidang ketatanegaraan, termasuk bidang perundang-undagan dan hokum, sebagai contoh:</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Presiden RI yang ketiga, yaitu B.J. Habibie sebelum menjadi presiden, beliau telah menerima kewarganegaraan lain yaitu Jerman.Presiden RI yang keempat, yaitu Abdurrahman Wahid secara jasmani beliau tidak memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi Presiden.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penyelenggaraan negara telah menggunakan kewenanganya <span> </span>secara semena-mena atau otoriter di luar etika kenegaraan melalui tindakan-tindakan yangg sangat mrugikan dan menekan kehidupan rakyat keseluruhan</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Telah semakin melemahnya kondisi kehidupan ekonomi seluruh warga masyarakat bangsa sebagai akibat krisis multidimensi yang bekepanjangan dan terus-menerus</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perlunya langkah-langkah penyelamatan dalam segenap bidang kehidupan, khususnya yang menyangkut hajat hidup rakyat banyak.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi harus menggunakan<span> </span>landasan kerohanian berupa falsafah<span> </span>dasar<span> </span>Negara pancasila</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak reformasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak negative <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi yang telah bergulir ditengah masyarakat Indonesia sejak 1998 menghendaki perubahan mendasar. Agenda reformasi telah diputuskan melalui berbagai ketetetapan MPR<span> </span>dan<span> </span>berbagai produk perundang-undangan yang baru, tetapi setelah berlangsung lebih dari 5 tahun lamanya, terasa bahwa reformasi berjalan secara belum tearah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Bangsa Indonesia pada saat ini justru sedang mengalami<span> </span>ketidak harmonisan, tampa orientasi sehingga sangat mudah mengarah kepada disintegrasi. Sistem kehidupan<span> </span>nasional yang telah susah payah dibangun dan disempurnakan dalam beberapa dasa warsa,<span> </span>bukan mengalami kemajuan maupun penyempurnaan, melainkan secara perlahan sedang mengamali erosi dan kerumitan yang serius .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Bila dinilai kembali kepada kondisi sebelumnya reformasi maka tampak bahwa yang pada waktu dahulu, bersifat otoriter sekarang harus bersifat demokratis, pemerintahan yang berpusat<span> </span>harus menjadi disentralisasi. Pemerintahan yang bersifat tertutup dan penuh larangan serta<span> </span>pengawasan seharusnya<span> </span>menjadi lebih terbuka, transparent serta kebebasan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kebebasan yang berkembng pada masa reformasi seharusnya<span> </span>lebih bisa bertanggung jawab dan secara tegas melalui konsep-konsep yang terarah dapat membawa bangsa ini kearah<span> </span>yang lebih baik. Mengingat reformasi melalui pemahaman yang<span> </span>keliru,hal itu akan menimbulkan kekuasaan baru<span> </span>tanpa kejelasan tentang bagaimana hukum, kelembagaan Negara, serta pnyelenggaraan pemerintah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rasionalitas dan objektfitas <o:p></o:p></span></u></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Rasionalitas dan objektfitas telah berkembang sehinnga muncul egoisme, perseorangan maupun kelompok tanpa mengindahkan etika, moral,norma, dan<span> </span>hokum yang ada. Politik <span> </span>kekerasan banyak bermunculan dan berkembang mewarnai kehidupan<span> </span>baru dalam masyarakat sehingga sulit mengatasi maupun mengontrolnya. Polusi kepentingan justru menambahkan keruetan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat bangsa dan bernegara. Oleh karena itu, hal-hal seperti ini harus segera diatasi dan dihapuskan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak positif<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak positif reformasi<span> </span>dapat kita rasakan saksikan melalui berita-berita<span> </span>media masa, serta<span> </span>surat kabar dan internet maupun pendapat-pendapat pengamat dibidangnya. Munculnya<span> </span>suasana baru yang bisa kita saksikan diantranya terdapatnya kebabasan baru,kebebasan akademik,kebebasan beroganisasi dan lain-lain. Yang Selama ini belum pernah<span> </span>ada, termasuk kebebasan dalam memperjuangkan<span> </span>kebebasan tahanan politik maupun pidana politik. Hal ini bisa dinilai sebagai lambang dari suatu era kebebasan berpolitik di Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Timbulnya kesadaran baru bahwa masyarakat<span> </span>bisa bertindak dan membuat sesuatu serta<span> </span>melakukan perubahan-perubhan diantaranya pendobrakan atas rasa<span> </span>ketakutan berpolitik, pendobrakan terhadap proses<span> </span>pembodohan yang telah berlangsung hampir lebih tiga puluh tahun .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Memang,sebelum gerakan reformasi dimulai maka semua orang merasakan kelemahan ,tidak bisa berbuat apapun tanpa daya dan takut berpolitik, berpendapat, dan berbicara. Namun, dengan pengalaman baru<span> </span>berorganisasi<span> </span>masyarakat indonesia , khususnya para mahasiswa,mulai sadar dan memiliki serta dapat memperjuangkan<span> </span>politik mereka yang benar-benar dapat membawa kearah prubahan yang positif .Kesadaran baru ini sering sekali artinya dalam rangka<span> </span>perjuangan menuju reformasi yang total dan menyeluruh.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil reformasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbicara mengeai hasil reformasi, tentu tidak<span> </span>bisa seobjektif mungkin mengingat reformasi sampai saat ini masih tetap bergulir tanpa kejelasan hasil yang sangat ditunggu-tunggu seluruh <span> </span>rakyat Indoesia , dan tentunya hasil yang positif meskipun belum total dan menyeluruh.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Pendapat penilaian terhadap reformasi masih<span> </span>banyak bersifat vokal, terutama dari kalangan bawah<span> </span>yang sangat mendambakan hasil<span> </span>reformasi bagi perbaikan kondisi kehidupan yang tentunya<span> </span>telah serba pembaharuan, tetap hasil ini pun belum banyak<span> </span>menunjukkn dan perubahan kearah<span> </span>yang lebih baik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi memang hal yang tidak mudah dalam pncapainya, tetapi juga cukup banyak memakan waktu. Berbagai macam paradoks kita hadapi dan saksikan bersama selama jangka waktu lebih dari<span> </span>lima tahun<span> </span>masa reformasi terjadi tiga kali pergantian presiden, kemudian dalam rangka pencalonan presiden berikutnya akan dipilh melalui sistem ketatanegaraan baru. Pemilihan dilakukan secara langsung oleh rakyat berdasarkan hati nurani, meskipun banyak hambatan yang dihadapi sistem demokrasi merupakan kontek kekuasaan oleh semua<span> </span>partai politik serta jujur dan terbuka semua warga negara memenuhi persyaratan perundangan bebas<span> </span>menggunakan hak pilih dan hak dipilih. Sistem dan proses demikian<span> </span>berlakunya hak-hak sipil ,seperti kebebasan hak asasi, persamaan,dan lain-lain.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Selama 32 tahun presiden Soeharto memegang tampuk pimpina negara Republik Indonesia pada tanggal 21 Mei 1998, menyatakan berhenti/mengundurkan diri dan diserahkan kepada Prof. Dr. Ing. H. J. Habibie, mandatnya/berhentinya H. M. Soeharto tidak terlepas adanya :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Krisis ekonomi dan moneter yang melanda Asia, seperti Korea selatan, Jepang, Negara yang tergabung dalam ASEAN.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Krisis ekonomi dan moneter di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa fundamental ekonomi Indonesia sangat rapuh, karena tidak dibangun atas landasan ekonomi kerakyatan, melainkan lebih ditopang oleh kekuatan ekonomi yang dikendalikan sekelompok orang yang dinmakan konglomerat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketidakberdayaan pemerintah untuk segera bangkit dari krisis, kemudian berkembang munculnya peristiwa kerusuhan dipusat maupun di daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akibat dari pada itu, mendorong lahirnya gerakan reformasi yang dipelopori oleh para mahasiswa dan para cendikiawan kampus.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gerakan reformasi lahir sebagai realisasi, dan koreksi atas pelanggaran Negara yang menyimpang dari ideology Pancasila, dan mekanisme UUD 45, yang semasa rezim Orde Baru dijadikan semboyan baku, yaitu melaksanakan Pancasila dan UUD 45 secara murni dan konsekuen.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai permasalahan yang menumpuk, dan terakumulasi, selama itu telah mengakibatkan ketidkseimbangan kekuasaan diantara lembaga-lembaga Negara dan makin jauh dari cita-cita demokrasi, dengan berlangsungnya system kekuasaan yang bercorak absolute dan otoriter, karena wewenang dan kekuasaan Presiden berlebihan serta melahirkan KKN, terjadi krisis multidimensional pada hamper seluruh aspek kehidupan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam masa Pemerintahan Presiden B. J. Habibie dengan Pemerintahan yang dikenal dengan cabinet reformasi, gerakan reformasi telah digulirkan, sehingga hal ini telah mendorong secara relative terjadinya kemajuan-kemajuan dibidang politik, penegakkan kedaulatan rakyat, peningkatan peran masyarakat disertai pengurangan dominasi peran pemerintah dalam kehidupan praktek antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terselenggaranya siding istimewa MPR<span> </span>tahun 1998.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terselenggaranya pemilu multi partai pada tanggal 7 Juni 1999 dengan diikuti sebanyak 48 partai politik dari 143 parpol yang telah didirikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terwujudnya netralitas pegawai negeri , TNI, dan Polri dala pemilu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebebasan pers dan pelepasan dan pemberian amnesti tahanan politik. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ratifikasi berbagai konvensi yang bertalian degan hak-hak asasi manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Disahkan UU No. 39 tahun 1999 tentang HAM<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengesahan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan dibidang politik dan ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Walaupun berbagai upayah telah dilakukan, belum mampu mengangkat bangsa dari keterpurukan krisis ekonomi, budaya karupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme, lemahnya penegakkan hokum dan belum terwujudnya supremasi hokum, tidak berhasil mengatasi berbagai gerakan separatism, seperti di Aceh, Irian Jaya, dan Maluku serta lepasnya Timor Timur sebagai propinsi ke 27, melalui proses penentuan pendapat tanggal 30 Agustus 1999, yang merupakan implementasi dari persetujuan New York tanggal 5 Mei 1999 yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Republik Indonesia dan republic Portugal tanpa persetujuan DPR.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Siding umum MPR tahun 1999 menolak pertanggung jawaban Presiden B. J. Habibie dengan ketetapan MPR No. III/1999 dengan penolakan pertanggungjawaban Presidenoleh MPR maka Presiden B. J. Habibie menyatakan tidak bersedia lagi dicalonkan sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia. MPR hasil pemilu 7 Juni 1999 berhasil memilih dan mengangkat Presiden KH. Abdurrahman Wahid dan wakil Presiden Megawati Soekarno Putri. Pada masa pemerintahan Presiden KH. Abdurrahman Wahid dan wakil Presiden Megawati Soekarno Putri telah 4 kali perubahan UUD 1945:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melalui keputusan Rapat Paripurna MPR RI ke-12 tanggal 19 Oktober 1999.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melalui keputusan Sidang Umum MPR RI tanggal 18 Agustus 2000<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melalui Keputusan MPR RI tanggal 19 November 2001<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melalui Keputusan MPR RI tanggal 10 Agustus 2002<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perubahan pada Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, hanya dilakukan pada Pasal-PasalBatang Tubuh UUD 1945, sedangkan pada Pembukaan tidak dapat diubah dengan jalan apapun, karena Pembukaan UUD 1945 merupakan kaedah Negara yang fundamental serta merupakan penjabaran kunci dari proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai Dasar Cita-cita Reformasi<o:p></o:p></span></u></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam perjalanan sejarah Pancasila sebagai dasar filsafat negara Indonesia, sebagai pandangan hidup bangsa Indonesia, nampaknya tidak diletakkan dalam kedudukan dan fungsi yang sebenarnya. Pada masa Orde Lama, terjadi pelaksanaan negara yang secara jelas menyimpang bahkan bertentangan, misalnya Manipol Usdek dan Nasakom yang bertentangan dengan Pancasila, pengangkatan Presiden seumur hidup, serta praktek-praktek kekuasaan diktator. Pada masa Orde Baru, Pancasila digunakan sebagai alat legitimasi politik oleh penguasa, sehingga kedudukan Pancasila sebagai sumber nilai dikaburkan dengan praktek kebijaksanaan pelaksana penguasa negara. Misalnya, setiap kebijaksanaan penguasa negara senantiasa berlindung di balik ideologi Pancasila, sehingga mengakibatkan setiap warga negara yang tidak mendukung kebijaksanaan tersebut dianggap bertentangan dengan Pancasila. Asas kekeluargaan sebagaimana terkandung dalam nilai Pancasila disalahgunakan menjadi praktek nepotisme sehingga merajalela kolusi dan korupsi. Oleh karena itu, gerakan reformasi harus tetap diletakkan dalam perspektif Pancasila sebagai landasan cita-cita dan ideologi (Hamengkubuwono X, 1998: 8). Sebab, tanpa adanya suatu dasar nilai yang jelas, suatu reformasi akan mengarah pada suatu disintegrasi, anarkisme, brutalisme, serta pada akhirnya menuju pada kehancuran bengsa dan negara Indonesia. Pada hakikatnya, reformasi dalam perspektif Pancasila harus berdasarkan pada nilai-nilai:<br />
Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi yang Berketuhanan Yang Maha Esa berarti bahwa suatu gerakan ke arah perubahan harus mengarah pada suatu kondisi yang lebih baik bagi kehidupan manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan. Manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan Yang Maha Esa pada hakikatnya adalah sebagai makhluk yang sempurna yang berakal budi, sehingga senantiasa bersifat dinamis yang selalu melakukan suatu perubahan ke arah kehidupan yang lebih baik. Oleh karena itu, reformasi harus berlandaskan moral religius dan hasil reformasi harus meningkatkan kehidupan keagamaan. Reformasi yang dijiwai nilai-nilai religius tidak membenarkan pengrusakan, penganiayaan, merugikan orang lain, serta bentuk-bentuk kekerasan lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi yang berkemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab berarti bahwa reformasi harus dilakukan dengan dasar-dasar nilai martabat manusia yang beradab. Oleh karena itu, reformasi harus dilandasi oleh moral yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, bahkan reformasi mentargetkan ke arah penataan kembali suatu kehidupan negara yang menghargai hakrkat dan martabat manusia yang secara jelas menghargai hak-hak asasi manusia. Reformasi menentang segala praktek eksploitasi, penindasan oleh manusia terhadap manusia lain atau oleh suatu golongan terhadap golongan lain, bahkan oleh penguasa terhadap rakyatnya. Untuk bangsa yang majemuk seperti bangsa Indonesia, semangat reformasi yang berdasar pada kemanusiaan menentang praktek-praktek yang mengarah pada diskriminasi dan dominasi sosial, baik alasan perbedaan suku, ras, asal-usul, maupun agama. Reformasi yang dijiwai nilai-nilai kemanusiaan tidak membenarkan perilaku yang biadab, seperti membakar, menganiaya, menjarah, memperkosa, dan bentuk-bentuk kebrutalan lainnya yang mengarah pada praktek anarkisme. Reformasi yang berkemanusiaan pun harus memberantas sampai tuntas masalah Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme (KKN), yang telah sedemikian menakar pada kehidupan kenegaraan pemerintahan Orde Baru.<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Persatuan Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Semangat reformasi harus berdasarkan pada nilai persatuan, sehingga reformasi harus menjamin tetap tegaknya negara dan bangsa Indonesia. Reformasi harus menghindarkan diri dari [raktek-praktek yang mengarah pada disintegrasi bangsa, upaya separatisme, baik atas dasar kedaerahan, suku, maupun agama. Reformasi memiliki makna menata kembali kehidupan bangsa dalam bernegara, sehingga reformasi harus mengarah pada lebih kuatnya persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa, dan reformasi juga harus senantiasa dijiwai asas kebersamaan sebagai suatu bangsa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan perwakilan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Semangat dan jiwa reformasi harus berakar pada asas kerakyatan karena permasalahan dasar gerakan reformasi adalah pada prinsip kerakyatan. Penataan kembali secara menyeluruh dalam segala aspek pelaksanaan pemerintahan negara harus meletakkan kerakyatan sebagai paradigmanya. Rakyat adalah asal mula kekuasaan negara yang benar-benar bersifat demokratis, artinya rakyatlah sebagai pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi dalam negara. Oleh karena itu, semangat reformasi menentang segala bentuk penyimpangan demokratis, seperti kediktatoran (baik yang bersifat langsung maupun tidak langsung), feodalisme, maupun, totaliterianisme. Asas kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/perwakilan menghendaki terwujudnya masyarakat demokratis. Kecenderungan munculnya diktator mayoritas melalui aksi massa harus diarahkan pada asas kebersamaan hidup rakyat agar tidak mengarah pada anarkisme. Oleh karena itu, penataan kembali mekanisme demokrasi seperti pemilihan anggota DPR, MPR, pelaksanaan Pemilu beserta perangkat perundang-undangan, pada hakikatnya adalah untuk mengembalikan tatanan negara pada asas demokrasi yang bersumber pada kerakyatan sebagaiman terkandung dalam sila keempat Pancasila.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Visi dasar reformasi haruslah jelas, yaitu demi terwujudnya keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.Gerakan reformasi yang melakukan perubahan dan penataan kembali dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan negara harus bertujuan untuk mewujudkan tujuan bersama sebagai negara hukum yaitu “Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia”. Oleh karena itu, hendaklah disadari bahwa gerakan reformasi yang melakukan perubahan dan penataan kembali pada hakikatnya bukan hanya bertujuan demi perubahan itu sendiri, melainkan perubahan dan penataan demi kehidupan bersama yang berkeadilan. Perlindungan terhadap hak asasi, peradilan yang benar-benar bebas dari kekuasaan, serta legalitas dalam arti hukum harus benar-benar dapat terwujudkan, sehingga rakyat benar-benar menikmati hak serta kewajibannya berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip keadilan hukum terutama aparat pelaksana dan penegak hukum adalah merupakan target reformasi yang mendesak untuk terciptanya suatu keadilan dalam kehidupan rakyat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam perspektif Pancasila, gerakan reformasi merupakan suatu upaya untuk menata ulang dengan melakukan perubahan-perubahan sebagai realisasi kedinamisan dan keterbukaan Pancasila dalam kebijaksanaan dan penyelenggaraan negara. Sebagai suatu ideologi yang bersifat terbuka dan dinamis, Pancasila harus mampu mengantisipasi perkembangan zaman, terutama perkembangan dinamika aspirasi rakyat. Nilai-nilai Pancasila adalah ada pada filsafat hidup bangsa Indonesia, dan sebagai bangsa, maka akan senantiasa memiliki perkembangan aspirasi sesuai tuntutan zaman. Oleh karena itu, Pancasila sebagai sumber nilai, memiliki sifat yang reformatif, artinya memiliki aspek pelaksanaan yang senantiasa mampu menyesuaikan dengan dinamika aspirasi rakyat, yang nilai-nilai esensialnya bersifat tetap, yaitu Ketuhanan, kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan, dan keadilan.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai paradigma reformasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai suatu paradigma, pancasila merupakan model atau pola berpikir yang mencoba memberikan penjelasan atas kompleksitas realitas<span> </span>manusia personal dan komunal dala bentuk bangsa. Yang menjadi paradigma justru sila-silanya, karena sila-sila tersebut mengandung sejumlah nilai yang satu dengan yang lain saling melengkapi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai paradigma juga berada pada posisi pembangunan nasional yang meliputi<span> </span>segenap bidang<span> </span>kehidupan, seperti<span> </span>politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya, dan pertahanan keamanan, juga dibidangilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta hukum serta hak asasi manusia disamping lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dibidang politik pancasila menjadi kerangka acuan, kerangka proses, dan kerangka arah tujuan dalam kehidupan kenegaraan dan kebangsaan dalam rangka melakukan pembangunan politik, pancasila juga melakukan pemikiran, gagasan, konsep, evaluasi, serta tindak lanjut bagi bidang politik kenegaraan. Pancasila juga merupakan landasan dan dasar negara, dengan dijiwai oleh nilai kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kbijaksanaan dalam perusyawaratan perwakilan (polotik demokrasi).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam paradigma pembangunan nasional bidang politik, pemerintah harus lebih megarah lebih memperhatikan kepentingan rakyat, karena sifat perekonomian harus disesuaikan dengan ekonomi kerakyatan yang bersumber kepada sifat kekeluargaan dan kerakyatan. Untuk melindungi kepentingan rakyat yang sesungguhnya, perlu pihak pemerintah mengendalikan perusahaan-perusahaan yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak dan digunakan untuk kemakmuran rakyat yang sebesar-besarnya secara keseluruhan, seperti amanat pasal 33, UUD 1945.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, harus bisa tidak menempatkan pada posisi yang bertentangan antara iptek dan pancasila dan justru kebudayaan harus saling mendukung sehingga tiada pancasila tanpa sifat kritis iptek, dan tiada iptek tanpa didasari maupun diarahkan oleh nilai-nilai luhur pancasila.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembangunan nasional bidang kebudayaan, harus dilandasi dengan berpikir tentng masalah persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Negara harus menjalankan pemerintahan yang serba efektif, harus menghilangkan mental birokrasi, serta mau membangun system budaya<span> </span>dalam hal norma maupun pengembangan iptek, dengan melakukan pemberdayaan kebudayaan local guna memfungsikan etos budaya bangsa yang majemuk. Kehidupan setiap<span> </span>insane harus dipertahankan dengan baik dalam menghadapi segala tantangan dan hambatan serta dapat membangun dirinya sendiri menjadi masyarakat yang berkeadilan, demokrasi, inovatif, mencapai kemajuan kehidupan yang beradab.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam paradigm pembangunan nasional dibidang hokum dan HAM, tidak lain adalah pelaksanaan tanggung jawab pemerintah serta penyelenggara pemerintah harus bisa<span> </span>mengarahkan rakyat untuk mengatur<span> </span>dirinya dalam melaksanakan<span> </span>kebebasan, kebersamaan, cita-cita supremasi hokum, dan ketundukkan kepada hokum. Dalam implementasinya adalah masyarakat mau<span> </span>menghormati tatanan social, masyarkat egaliter dan dalam bentuk<span> </span>kepamongan, tatanan pelayanan yang baik, serta bentuk public servis. Supremasi hokum yang sifatnya<span> </span>demokratis dan harus dibarengi dengan peran serta<span> </span>partisipasi yang tinggi dari segenap anggota masyarakat. Juga masalah HAM yang sifatnya universal, tidak harus selalu dibawa kepertimbangan universal, tetapi lebih sesuai dan tergantung<span> </span>kepada suatu kuktur<span> </span>social yang ertanggung jawab.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai paradigma reformasi adalah gerakan reformasi harus diletakkan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai pancasila sebagai landasan cita-cita dan ideologi bangsa<span> </span>Negara Indonesia. Reformasi tampa dasar dan nilai yang jelas justru akan mengarah pada disintegrasi, anarkisme dan brutalisme yang pada akhirnya menuju kehancuran bangsa dan Negara Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejatinya gerakan reformasi merupakan perubahan menuju terciptanya<span> </span>kondisi yang lebih baik dari masa sebelumnya. Perubahan yang dimaksud semestinya bersifat mendasar, sistmatis, dan tetap berlangsung denga nilai-nilai agama dan budaya, serta mengacu pada kaidah-kaidah menejemen perubhan.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai Paradigma Reformasi Hukum<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah peristiwa 21 Mei 1998 saat runtuhnya kekuasaan orde baru, salah satu subsistem yang mengalami kerusakan parah adalah bidang hukum. Produk hukum baik materi maupun penegaknya dirasakan semakin menjauh dari nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, kerakyatan serta keadilan. Kerusakan atas subsistem hukum yang sangat menentukan dalam berbagai bidang misalnya, politik, ekonomi dan bidang lainnya maka bangsa Indonesia ingin melakukan suatu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai Sumber Nilai Perubahan Hukum<o:p></o:p></span></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam negara terdapat suatu dasar fundamental atau pokok kaidah yang merupakan sumber hukum positif yang dalam ilmu hukum tata negara disebut <i>staatsfundamental</i>, di Indonesia tidak lain adalah Pancasila.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum berfungsi sebagai pelayanan kebutuhan masyarakat, maka hokum harus selalu diperbarui agar aktual atau sesuai dengan keadaan serta kebutuhan masyarakat yang dilayani dan dalam pembaruan hukum yang terusmenerus tersebut Pancasila harus tetap sebagai kerangka berpikir, sumber norma, dan sumber nilai.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai cita-cita hukum, Pancasila dapat memenuhi fungsi <i>konstitutif </i>maupun fungsi <i>regulatif</i>. Dengan fungsi regulatif Pancasila menentukan dasar suatu tata hukum yang memberi arti dan makna bagi hukum itu sendiri sehingga tanpa dasar yang diberikan oleh Pancasila maka hukum akan kehilangan arti dan maknanya sebagai hukum itu sendiri. Fungsi regulative Pancasila menentukan apakah suatu hukum positif sebagai produk yang adil ataukah tidak adil. Sebagai <i>staatfundamentalnorm</i>, Pancasila merupakan pangkal tolak derivasi (sumber penjabaran) dari tertib hukum di Indonesia termasuk UUD 1945. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam pengertian inilah menurut istilah ilmu hukum disebut sebagai sumber dari segala peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum meliputi dua macam pengertian, sumber hukum formal yaitu sumber hukum ditinjau dari bentuk dan tata cara penyusunan hukum, yang mengikat terhadap komunitasnya, misalnya UU, Peraturan Menteri, Peraturan Daerah. Sumber hukum material yaitu suatu sumber hukum yang menentukan materi atau isi suatu norma hukum. Jika terjadi ketidakserasian atau pertentangan satu norma hukum dengan norma hokum lainnya yang secara hierarkis lebih tinggi apalagi dengan Pancasila sebagai sumbernya, berarti terjadi inkonstitusionalitas <i>(unconstitutionality) </i>dan ketidak legalan <i>(illegality) </i>dan karenanya norma hokum yang lebih rendah itu batal demi hukum.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian maka upaya untuk reformasi hukum akan benar-benar mampu mengantarkan manusia ketingkat harkat dan martabat yang lebih tinggi sebagai makhluk yang berbudaya dan beradab.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dasar Yuridis Reformasi Hukum<o:p></o:p></span></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi total sering disalah artikan sebagai dapat melakukan perubahan dalam bidang apapun dengan jalan apapun. Jika demikian maka kita akan menjadi bangsa yang tidak beradab, tidak berbudaya, masyarakat tanpa hukum, yang menurut <i>Hobbes </i>disebut keadaan <i>“homo</i> <i>homini lupus”, </i>manusia akan menjadi serigala manusia lainnya dan hukum yang berlaku adalah hokum rimba.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">UUD 1945 beberapa pasalnya dalam praktek penyelenggaraan Negara bersifat multi interpretable (penafsiran ganda), dan memberikan porsi kekuasaan yang sangat besar kepada presiden (executive heavy). Akibatnya memberikan kontribusi atas terjadinya krisis politik serta mandulnya fungsi hukum dalam negara RI.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan isi yang terkandung dalam Penjelasan UUD 1945, Pembukaan UUD 1945 menciptakan pokok-pokok pikiran yang dijabarkan dalam pasal-pasal UUD 1945 secara normatif. Pokok-pokok pikiran tersebut merupakan suasana kebatinan dari UUD dan merupakan cita-cita hukum yang menguasai baik hukum dasar tertulis (UUD 1945) maupun hukum dasar tidak tertulis (Convensi). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Selain itu dasar yuridis Pancasila sebagai paradigma reformasi hokum adalah Tap MPRS No.XX/MPRS/1966 yang menyatakan bahwa Pancasila sebagai sumber dari segala sumber hukum di Indonesia, yang berarti sebagai sumber produk serta proses penegakan hukum yang harus senantiasa bersumber pada nilai-nilai Pancasila dan secara eksplisit dirinci tata urutan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia yang bersumber pada nilai-nilai Pancasila.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai macam produk peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah dihasilkan dalam reformasi hukum antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- UU No. 2 Tahun 1999 tentang Partai Politik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- UU No. 3 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemilu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- UU No. 4 Tahun 1999 tentang Susunan dan Kedudukan MPR, DPR dan DPRD<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- UU No. 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- UU No. 25 Tahun 1999 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat danDaerah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- UU No. 28 Tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Negara yang Bersih dan Bebas dari KKN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tingkatan Ketetapan MPR telah dilakukan reformasi hukum melalui Sidang Istimewa MPR pada bulan Nopember 1998 yang menghasilkan ketetapan-ketetapan:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. VIII/MPR/1998 tentang Pencabutan Referendum<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. IX/MPR/1998 tentang GBHN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. X/MPR/1998 tentang Pokok-pokok Reformasi Pembangunan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. XI/MPR/1998 tentang Negara bebas KKN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. XII/MPR/1998 tentang Masa jabatan Presiden<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. XIV/MPR/1998 tentang Pemilu 1999<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-Tap No. XV/MPR/1998 tentang Otonomi Daerah dan Perimbangan Keuangan Pusat dan Daerah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. XVI/MPR/1998 tentang Demokrasi Ekonomi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. XVII/MPR.1998 tentang Hak asasi Manusia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Tap No. XVIII/MPR/1998 tentang Pencabutan P4.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai Paradigma Reformasi Pelaksanaan Hukum<o:p></o:p></span></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam era reformasi pelaksanaan hukum harus didasarkan pada suatu nilai sebagai landasan operasionalnya. Reformasi pada dasarnya untuk mengembalikan hakikat dan fungsi negara pada tujuan semula yaitu melindungi seluruh bangsa dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Negara pada hakikatnya secara formal harus melindungi hak-hak warganya terutama hak kodrat sebagai suatu hak asasi yang merupakan karunia Tuhan YME. Oleh karena itu pelanggaran terhadap hak asasi manusia adalah sebagai pengingkaran terhadap dasar filosofis negara misalnya pembungkaman demokrasi, penculikan, pembatasan berpendapat berserikat, berunjuk rasa dan lain sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pelaksanaan hukum pada masa reformasi harus benar-benar dapat mewujudkan Negara demokrasi dengan suatu supremasi hukum. Artinya pelaksanaan hukum harus mampu mewujudkan jaminan atas terwujudnya keadilan (sila V) dalam suatu negara yaitu keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban bagi setiap warga negara tidak memandang pangkat, jabatan, golongan, etnisitas maupun agama. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap warga negara bersamaan kedudukannya di muka hukum dan pemerintah (pasal 27 UUD 1945). Jaminan atas terwujudnya keadilan bagi setiap warga negara dalam hidup bersama dalam suatu negara yang meliputi seluruh unsur keadilan baik keadilan distributif, keadilan komulatif, serta keadilan legal. Konsekuensinya dalam pelaksanaan hukum aparat penegak hukum terutama pihak kejaksaan adalah sebagai ujung tombaknya sehingga harus benar-benar bersih dari praktek KKN.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai Paradigma Reformasi Politik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Arus reformasi yang terjadi di Indonesia telah membawa cakrawala baru dalam system politik dan pemerintahan di Indonesia yang cenderung bersifat stagnan. Oleh karena itu, perubahan yang terjadi dipandang sebagai suatu langkah baru menuju terciptanya Indonesia baru di masa depan dengan dasar - dasar efisiensi dan demokratisasi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Secara internal, tuntutan reformasi muncul akibat terjadinya peningkatan berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat yang ditandai oleh meningkatnya tingkat pendidikan masyarakat, terbukanya berbagai isolasi serta akses informasi yang mudah diperoleh. Kondisi ini telah menyebabkan masyarakat semakin kritis dalam mencermati pengelolaan kekuasaan Negara yang dianggap telah menyimpang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan aksiologis (sumber nilai) sistem politik Indonesia adalah dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 alinea IV yang berbunyi “……maka disusunlah kemerdekaan kebangsaan Indonesia itu dalam suatu Undang-undang Dasar Negara Indonesia, yang terbentuk dalam suatu susunan Negara Republik Indonesia yang Berkedaulatan Rakyat dengan berdasar kepada Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa, Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab, Persatuan Indonesia dan Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/perwakilan, serta dengan mewujudkan suatu Keadilan social bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia”. Jika dikaitkan dengan makna alinea II tentang cita-cita negara dan kemerdekaan yaitu demokrasi (bebas, bersatu, berdaulat, adil dan makmur). Dasar politik ini menunjukkan kepada kita bahwa bentuk dan bangunan kehidupan masyarakat yang bersatu (sila III), demokrasi (silaIV), berkeadilan dan berkemakmuran (sila V) serta negara yang memiliki dasar-dasar moral ketuhanan dan kemanusiaan. Nilai demokrasi politik sebagaimana terkandung dalam Pancasila sebagai fondasi bangunan negara yang dikehendaki oleh para pendiri negara kita dalam kenyataannya tidak dilaksanakan berdasarkan suasana kerokhanian berdasarkan nilai-nilai tersebut. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan semangat dari UUD 1945 esensi demokrasi adalah :</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rakyat merupakan pemegang kedaulatan tertinggi dalam negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedaulatan rakyat dijalankan sepenuhnya oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Presiden dan wakil presiden dipilih oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat dan karenanya harus tunduk dan bertanggungjawab kepada MPR.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Produk hukum apapun yang dihasilkan oleh Presiden, baik sendiri maupun bersama-sama lembaga lain kekuatannya berada di bawah Majelis Permusyawatan Rakyat atau produkproduknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Prinsip-prinsip demokrasi tersebut bilamana kita kembalikan pada nilai esensial yangnterkandung dalam Pancasila maka kedaulatan tertinggi Negara adalah di tangan rakyat. Rakyat adalah asal mula kekuasaan negara, oleh karena itu paradigma ini harus merupakan dasar pijakan dalam reformasi. Reformasi kehidupan politik juga dilakukan dengan meletakkan cita-cita kehidupan kenegaraan dan kebangsaan dalam suatu kesatuan waktu yaitu nilai masa lalu, masa kini dan kehidupan masa yang akan datang. Atas dasar inilah maka pertimbangan realistic sebagai unsur yang sangat penting yaitu dinamika kehidupan masyarakat, aspirasi serta tuntutan masyarakat yang senantiasa berkembang untuk menjamin tumbuh berkembangnya demokrasi di Negara Indonesia. karena faktor penting demokrasi dalam suatu negara adalah partisipasi dari<span> </span>seluruh warganya. Dengan sendirinya kesemuanya ini harus diletakkan dalam kerangka nilainilai yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat itu sendiri sebagai filsafat hidupnya yaitu nilai-nilai Pancasila.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pancasila sebagai Paradigma Reformasi Ekonomi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebijaksanaan yang selama ini diterapkan hanya mendasarkan pada pertumbuhan dan mengabaikan prinsip nilai kesejahteraan bersama seluruh bangsa, dalam kenyataannya hanya menyentuh kesejahteraan sekelompok kecil orang bahkan penguasa. Pada era ekonomi global dewasa ini dalam kenyataannya tidak mampu bertahan. Krisis ekonomi yang terjadi di dunia dan melanda Indonesia mengakibatkan ekonomi Indonesia terpuruk, sehingga kepailitan yang diderita oleh para pengusaha harus ditanggung oleh rakyat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam kenyataannya sektor ekonomi yang justru mampu bertahan pada masa krisis dewasa ini adalah ekonomi kerakyatan, yaitu ekonomi yang berbasis pada usaha rakyat. Oleh karena itu subsidi yang luar biasa banyaknya pada kebijaksanaan masa orde baru hanya dinikmati oleh sebagian kecil orang yaitu sekelompok konglomerat, sedangkan bilamana mengalami kebangkrutan seperti saat ini rakyatlah yang banyak dirugikan. Oleh karena itu rekapitalisasi pengusaha pada masa krisis dewasa ini sama halnya dengan rakyat banyak membantu pengusaha yang sedang terpuruk.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Langkah yang strategis dalam upaya melakukan reformasi ekonomi yang berbasis pada ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan nilai-nilai Pancasila yang mengutamakan kesejahteraan seluruh bangsa adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keamanan pangan dan mengembalikan kepercayaan, yaitu dilakukan dengan program <i>“social safety net” </i>yang popular dengan program Jaring Pengaman Sosial (JPS). Sementara untuk mengembalikan kepercayaan rakyat terhadap pemerintah, maka pemerintah harus secara konsisten menghapuskan KKN, serta mengadili bagi oknum pemerintah masa orde baru yang melakukan pelanggaran. Hal ini akan memberikan kepercayaan dan kepastian usaha.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Program rehabilitasi dan pemulihan ekonomi. Upaya ini dilakukan dengan menciptakan kondisi kepastian usaha, yaitu dengan diwujudkan perlindungan hokum serta undang-undang persaingan yang sehat. Untuk itu pembenahan dan penyehatan dalam sektor perbankan menjadi prioritas utama, karena perbankan merupakan jantung perekonomian.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Transformasi struktur, yaitu guna memperkuat ekonomi rakyat maka perlu diciptakan </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem untuk mendorong percepatan perubahan structural (<i>structural transformation</i>).</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Transformasi struktural ini meliputi proses perubahan dari ekonomi tradisional ke ekonomi modern, dari ekonomi lemah ke ekonomi yang tangguh, dari ekonomi subsistemke ekonomi pasar, dari ketergantungan kepada kemandirian, dari orientasi dalam negeri ke orientasi ekspor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan sendirinya intervensi birokrat pemerintahan yang ikut dalam proses ekonomi melalui monopoli demi kepentingan pribadi harus segera diakhiri. Dengan sistem ekonomi yang mendasarkan nilai pada upaya terwujudnya kesejahteraan seluruh bangsa maka peningkatan kesejahteraan akan dirasakan oleh sebagian besar rakyat, sehingga dapat mengurangi kesenjangan ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan pancasila sebagai paradigma reformasi, gerakan reformasi harus diletakkan<span> </span>dalam kerangka perspektif sebagai landasan sekaligus sebagai cita-cita. Sebab tanpa suatu dasar dan tujuan yang jelas, reformasi akan mengarah pada suatu gerakan anarki, kerusuhan, disintegrasi, dan akhirnya mengarah pada kehancuran bangsa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi dengan paradigma pancasila adalah sebagai berikut : <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi yang ber-Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Artinya, gerakan reformasi berdasarkan pada moralitas ketuhanan dan harus mengarah pada kehidupan yang baik sebgai manusia makhluk tuhan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi yang berperikemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab. Artinya, gerakan <br />
reformasi berlandaskan pada moral kemanusiaan yang luhur dan sebagai upaya <br />
penataan kehidupan yang penuh penghargaan atas harkat dan martabat manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi yang berdasarkan nilai persatuan. Artinya, gerakan reformasi harus <br />
menjamin tetap tegaknya negara dan bangsa Indonesia sebagai satu kesatuan. <br />
Gerakan reformasi yang menghindarkan diri dari praktik dan perilaku yang dapat menciptakan perpecahan dan disintegrasi bangsa. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi yang berakar pada asas kerakyatan. Artinya, seluruh penyelenggaraan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara harus dapat menempatkan rakyat sebagai subjek dan pemegang kedaulatan. Gerakan reformasi bertujuan menuju terciptanya<span> </span>pemerintahan yang demokratis, yaitu rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reformasi yang bertujuan pada keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. <br />
Artinya, gerakan reformasi harus memiliki visi yang jelas, yaitu demi <br />
terwujudnya keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat. Perlu disadari bahwa <br />
ketidakadilanlah penyeban kehancuran suatu bangsa.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Wiyono, Slamet. 2004. </span><i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menejemen Potensi Diri</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.Jakarta : Grasindo <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Amien, Mappadjanjti. 2005. <i>Kemandirian Lokal.</i>Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setijo, Pandji. 2008. <span> </span><i>Pendidikan Pancasila; perspektif sejarah perjuangan bangsa</i>. Jakarta: PT Grasindo<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tim penyusun. 2007. <i>Bahan Ajar PANCASILA</i>. Palembang: Univ. PGRI Palembang<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nugraha, Moh. Sidik. 2008. <i>Sejarah Indonesia modern 1200-2008</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tim Penyusun. 2006.<span> </span><i>Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan</i>. Klaten: Viva Pakarindo<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <!--[endif]--> <div id="ftn1"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tim Penyusun, <i>Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan</i>(Klaten: Viva Pakarindo, 2006), hal. 3</span></div></div><div id="ftn2"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Slamet Wiyono. <i>Menejemen Potensi Diri </i>(Jakarta : Grasindo ,2004). Hal 15)<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="ftn3"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Mappadjanjti, Amien. <i>Kemandirian Lokal.</i>(Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005), hal 36 <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="ftn4"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span>Pandji Setijo, <i>pendidikan pancasila; perspektif sejarah perjuangan bangsa</i>(Jakarta: PT Grasindo,2008). Hal.75-79<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="ftn5"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Tim penyusun, <i>Bahan Ajar PANCASILA</i>(Palembang: Univ. PGRI Palembang,2007), hal.70-72 <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="ftn6"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Moh. Sidik Nugraha.<span> </span><i>sejarah Indonesia modern 1200-2008</i>(2008). Hal 693<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="ftn7"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span>Pandji Setijo<i>Op Cit</i>. Hal. 80-81<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="ftn8"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span> </span>M.Hakim, <i>Op. Cit, hal 20<o:p></o:p></i></div></div><div id="ftn9"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Tim Penyusun, <i>Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan</i>(Klaten: Viva Pakarindo, 2006), hal. 24 <o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div>Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7960034964331379438.post-26332928100870307862012-01-06T05:58:00.000-08:002012-01-06T05:58:21.508-08:00laporan pisces<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cryan%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cryan%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><!--[if !mso]> <style>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PREPARAT I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oreochromis niloticus </span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L (</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">♀<b>)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</tbody></table></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><br clear="ALL" /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daryanti <span> </span>( 09222010 )<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dosen Pembimbing :</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dian Mutiara M, Si<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">JURUSAN BIOLOGI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS TARBIYAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI ( IAIN ) RADEN FATAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">PALEMBANG<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">2011</span></b><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Indonesia meupakan Negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam salah satunya sumber daya hewan, sudah berabad-abad yang lampau manusia menggunakan sumber daya hewan sebagai bahan pangan. Disini yang akan kami bahas yaitu sumber daya hewan yang dihasilkan dari laut khususnya ikan. Ikan merupakan sumber protein hewani dari laut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perlu kita ketahui ikan tidak hanya terdapat di laun melainkan </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>dapat ditemukan di hampir semua "genangan" air yang berukuran besar baik air tawar, air payau maupun air asin pada kedalaman bervariasi, dari dekat permukaan air hingga beberapa ribu meter di bawah permukaan air. Namun, danau yang terlalu asin seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake" title="Great Salt Lake"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Great Salt Lake</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> tidak bisa menghidupi ikan. Ada beberapa spesies ikan dibudidayakan dan dipelihara untuk hiasan dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuarium" title="Akuarium"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">akuarium</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, kita kenal sebagai ikan hias.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikan adalah sumber makanan yang penting. Hewan air lain, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">moluska</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krustasea" title="Krustasea"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">krustasea</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> kadang dianggap pula sebagai ikan ketika digunakan sebagai sumber makanan. Menangkap ikan untuk keperluan makan dalam jumlah kecil atau olah raga pancing sering disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memancing" title="Memancing"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">memancing</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hasil penangkapan ikan seluruh dunia setiap tahunnya berjumlah sekitar 100 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juta" title="Juta"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">juta</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton" title="Ton"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">ton</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> pertahun.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lebih kurang 20 ribu spesies ikan bertulang sejati mempunyai skeleton dari tulang sejati. Kelompok ini merupakan vertebrata paling sukses dan beragam. Sifat dan cara hidupnya bermacam-macam, antara lain sebagai penyaring makanan ataupun predator. <br />
<span> </span>Permukaan tubuh tertutup oleh sisik bertipe sikloid dan stenoid. Ciri-ciri sisik tipe sikloid antara lain adalah bebentuk sirkuler, jika diamati dibawah mikroskop akan tamnpak garis-garis konsentris berjumlah sesuai dengan umurnya, tampak mengilap kebiruan mengandung kristal guanine, dan sel-sel pigmen yang berbentuk bintang, mengandung zat warna hitam(melatonin). <br />
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<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikan bertulang sejati memiliki gelembung renang yaitu kantong udara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengubah daya apung dan sebagai alat bantu dalam bernafas. Selain memiliki endoskeleton, dibagian luar tubuh ikan dilindungi oleh eksoskeleton yang berupa sisik (squama). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikan tulang sejati melakukan reproduksi dengan cara fertilisasi eksternal. Telur dan sperma keluar dari tubuh kemudian terjadi pembuahan. Semua selain itu bersifat poikilothermal. Meskipun penampilan morfologi hampir sama, ternyata anggota Osteichthyes memiliki banyak macam bentuk dan macam adaptasi yang unik. Banyak anggota Osteichthyes begitu beragam akibat adaptasi, misalnya belut, lele, kuda laut atau tangkur kuda, dan ikan buntal.</span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh karena pentingnya mengetahui struktur anatomi pada ikan, khususnya ikan bertulang sejati kami melakukan praktikum dan membuat laporan sebgai pembahasan dari hasil praktikum yang kami lakukan.</span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <br />
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<!--[endif]--></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumusan Masalah <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berangkat dari latar belakang masalah diatas, kami mencoba merumuskan masalah sebagai berikut:bagaimana morfologi dan anatomi tubuh ikan nila?”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Praktikum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam penyusunan laporan ini tidak lepas dari tujuan utama agar hasilnya dapat bermanfaat, khususnya bagi penulis dan umumnya bagi semua orang. Adapun tujuan dari penyusunan laporan ini adalah : “ingin mengetahui morfologi, anatomi dan fungsi dari organ-organ tubuh pada ikan nila”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-left: 0.25in;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vertebrata adalah subfilum dari Chordata, mencakup semua hewan yang memiliki tulang belakang. Tula</span><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ng-tulang yang menyusun tulang belakang disebut vertebra. Vertebrata adalah subfilum terbesar dari Chordata. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Chordata meliputi hewan-hewan yang memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki notokord, yaitu kerangka berbentuk batangan keras tetapi lentur.Notokord terletak di antara saluran pencernaan dan tali saraf, memanjang sepanjang tubuh membentuk sumbu kerangka.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki tali saraf tunggal, berlubang terletak dorsal terhadap notokord, dan memiliki ujung anterior yang membesar berupa otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki ekor yang memanjang ke arah posterior terhadap anus.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki celah faring<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Filum Chordata terdiri dari tiga subfilum, yaitu Urochordata, Cephalochordata, dan vertebrata.Urochordata dan Cephalochordata tergolong invertebrata.Berikut bagan dari subfilum Chordata.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri tubuh meliputi ukuran, bentuk, struktur, dan fungsi tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua hewan yang tergolong vertebrata memiliki rangkaian tulang kecil (vertebra) yang memanjang pada bagian dorsal dari kepala hingga ekor.Rangkaian vertebra yang disebut tulang punggung ini membentuk sumbu kerangka menggantikan notokord.Tulang punggung berfungsi sebagai penyokong tubuh serta melindungi tali saraf.Selain adanya tulang punggung, kesamaan ciri lain pada vertebrata adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tubuh terdiri atas kepala, badan, dua pasang anggota badan, dan ekor pada sebagian vertebrata.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kulit tersusun atas dua bagian yaitu epidermis dan dermis dan menghasilkan rambut, sisik, bulu, kelenjar atau horn<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Endoskeleton tersusun dari tulang atau tulang rawan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Faring bercelah, yang merupakan tempat insang pada ikan namun pada hewan darat hanya terdapat pada tingkat embrio<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Otot melekat pada endoskeleton untuk bergerak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem pencernaan memiliki kelenjar pencernaan, hati, dan pankreas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jantung beruang 2 hingga 4<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Darah menandung sel darah putih dan sel darah merah berhemoglobin<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rongga tubuh mengandung sistem visceral<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ginjal sepasang dengan saluran untuk mengeluarkan zat sisa<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gonad sepasang pada betina dan jantan.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ke dalam vertebrata dapat dimasukkan semua jenis ikan (kecuali remang, belut jeung, “lintah laut”, atau hagfish), katak, reptil, burung, serta hewan menyusui. Kecuali jenis-jenis ikan, vertebrata diketahui memiliki dua pasang tungkai. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vertebrata memiliki sistem otot yang banyak terdiri dari pasangan massa, dan juga sistem saraf pusat yang biasanya terletak di dalam tulang belakang. Sistem respirasi menggunakan insang atau paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi Vertebrata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sub filum vertebrata terbagi atas beberapa kelas, yaitu Pisces (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes), Ampibia, Reptilian, Aves, dan Mamalia. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Seluruh anggota kelompok ikan hidup didalam air dan bereproduksi secara ovipar. Biasanya sel telur dan sperma disebarkan didalam air atau sarang. Pada kebanyakan ikan bertulang sejati, fertilisasi dan perkembangan embrio berlangsung diluar tubuh induk betina. Ikan terbagi menjadi beberapa kelas, kelas agnatha (ikan tanpa rahang), kelas gnatostomata (ikan berahang), kelas chondrichthyes (ikan bertulang rawan), kelas osteichthyes (ikan bertulang sejati).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
1. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Superkelas Cyclostomata (Agnatha)</span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.budisma.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Cyclostomata.jpg"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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o:title="Cyclostomata"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span><img alt="Cyclostomata" border="0" height="106" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_14" width="270" /></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 58.5pt; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gambar: </span><a href="http://www.budisma.web.id/2011/08/21/macam-macam-jenis-struktur-bentuk-morfologi-chordata/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none;">http://www.budisma.web.id/2011/08/21/macam-macam-jenis-struktur-bentuk-morfologi-chordata/</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Agnatha artinya tidak berahang. Ikan-ikan anggota Agnatha memang tidak berahang. Tidak ada pasangan sirip. Beberapa jenis mempunyai sirip ekor dan sirip punggung. Mulut terletak di sebelah ujung. Contohnya: belut laut (<i>Lamprey, Petromyzon </i>sp) dan ikan hantu (<i>hagfish, Myxine </i>sp). Agnatha memiliki tujuh atau lebih celah insang. Notochord menetap seumur hidup. Otaknya sudah teratur terdiri atas bagian-bagian seperti pada vertebrata tingkat tinggi. Kelamin terpisah atau hermafrodit. Cara memperoleh makanan, yaitu dengan mengisap cairan tubuh mangsa. Terlebih dahulu mangsa dilubangi dengan mulutnya. Agnatha hidup di air tawar atau air laut. Agnatha sudah memiliki alat indra berupa lubang hidung tunggal, dua mata, telinga dalam, dan organ perasa. Pada tahap larva, Agnatha memiliki gonad hermafrodit. Ketika dewasa menjadi kelenjar kelamin betina atau jantan, dan menjadi hewan berumah dua (diesius). Fertilisasi secara internal.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: -4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span> </span>Superkelas Gnathostomata</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gnathostomata artinya “mulut berahang” menggantikan sebagian besar hewan agnatha. Kelas yang masih hidup (condrichthyes dan osteichthyes), pertama kali muncul pada masa ini, bersama-sama dengan kelompok yang diberi nama plakoderma(placoderm)”berkulit lempeng” yang tidak memiliki keturunan yang hidup. Vertebrata berahang juga memiliki dua pasang anggota badan berpasangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Plakoderma terbesar memiliki panjang tubuh lebih dari 10 m, tetapi sebagian besar diantaranya memiliki panjang tubuh kurang dari 1 m. dengan dua pasang sirip berpasangan dan rahang yang bersendi, banyak spesies ini merupkan predator yang aktif, dan mampu mengejar mangsa dan menggigit potongan-potongan daging.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Kelas Chondrichthyes<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Condrichthyes (Gr. Chondros = cartilage + ichthys = ikan)termasuk kedalamnya adalah ikan-ikan berangka rawan.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas ini mencakup 2 sub kelas yaitu Elasmobranchi yang dibedakan atas ordo Squaliformes dan ordo Rajiformes, serta subkelas Holecephali. Ordo Squaliformes mencakup semua jenis ikan hiu sedangkan ordo Rajiformes mencakup jenis-jenis ikan pari.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat beberapa perbedaan antara ikan hiu dan ikan pari yaitu dalam hal letak celah insang, perlekatan sirip dada dan wujud dari ekornya. Subkelas Holocephali mencakup jenis ikan langka yang disebut ikan tikus. Ikan ini tidak mirip dengan ikan hiu ataupun ikan pari dalam hal bentuk tubuh dan jumlah celah insangnya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><a href="http://www.budisma.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Gambar-8.40-Contoh-contoh-chondrichthyes.jpg"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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href="http://www.budisma.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Gambar-8.40-Contoh-contoh-chondrichthyes.jpg"
style='width:334.5pt;height:86.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
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o:title="Gambar 8"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span><img alt="Gambar 8.40 Contoh-contoh chondrichthyes" border="0" height="115" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_15" width="446" /></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 58.5pt; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gambar: </span><a href="http://www.budisma.web.id/2011/08/21/macam-macam-jenis-struktur-bentuk-morfologi-chordata/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none;">http://www.budisma.web.id/2011/08/21/macam-macam-jenis-struktur-bentuk-morfologi-chordata/</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun karakteristik dari condrichthyes yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kulit kuat ditutupi sisik plakoid.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mata tanpa pelupuk mata, ada linea lateralis untuk mendeteksi tekanan air.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mulut transversal pada sisi ventral kepala atau subterminal.</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rangka terdiri dari rawan tanpa tulang, notocord persisten, vertebra banyak dan terpisah.</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jantung dua ruang (artrium dan ventrikel)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Respirasi dengan insang.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat 10 sarafkranialis</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekskresi dengan ginjal mesonefros</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu tubuh berubah-ubah(ektotermal, poikilotermis)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fertilisasi interna, ovipar atau ovovivipar.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
4.<span> </span>Kelas Osteichthyes </span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Osteichhyes (osteo = bone, tulang + ichthyes = tulang) berarti golongan ikan berangka tulang, karena kebanyakan dari kelas ikan ini memiliki tengkorak, vertebra, gelang anggota penyokong sirip dan sisik yang kesemuanya dibangun oleh tulang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 9pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="FR" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Adapun karakteristik dari kelas osteichthyes yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penutup tubuh berupa kulit dengan banyak lendir</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rangka utama berupa tulang</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Diphycercal, yakni tipe sirip ekor dimana kolumna vertebralis membentang lurus ke belakang, keujung akhir tubuh, dan terbagi menjadi dua bagian yang simetris</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada daerah kepala terdapat mulut yang umumnya terminal.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Respirasi dengan insang yang tertutup operculum.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jantung dua ruang (atrium dan ventrikel)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak memiliki pelupuk mata.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekskresi dengan ginjal mesonefros</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu tubuh berubah-ubah (ektotermal, poikilotermis)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagian besar fertilisasi eksternal.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span><b><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : ikan nila<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="ikan nila"
style='width:258.75pt;height:149.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ryan\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg"
o:title="ikan nila"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="ikan nila" border="0" height="199" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ryan/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_7" width="345" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar:</span> <a href="http://budidayanila.wordpress.com/2009/07/23/klasifikasi-ikan-nila/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">http://budidayanila.wordpress.com/2009/07/23/klasifikasi-ikan-nila/</span></a></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klasifikasi ikan nila:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kingdom <span> </span>: Animalia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Phylum <span> </span>: Chordata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Subphylum <span> </span>: Vertebrta<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Superclassis<span> </span>: Gnathostomata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kelas <span> </span>: Osteichthyes <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sub-kelas <span> </span>: Acanthoptherigii <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Crdo<span> </span>: Percomorphi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sub-ordo<span> </span>: Percoidea <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Famili <span> </span>: Cichlidae <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Genus <span> </span>: Oreochromis <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesies <span> </span>: <i>Oreochromis niloticus </i>L.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anatomi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ada sepuluh sistem anatomi pada tubuh ikan :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem penutup tubuh (kulit): antara lain sisik, kelenjar racun, kelenjar lendir, dan sumber-sumber pewarnaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem otot(urat daging): -penggerak tubuh, sirip-sirip, insang. – organ listrik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem rangka(tulang): tempat melekatnya otot;pelindung organ- organ dalam dan penegak tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem pernapasan (respirasi): organnya terutama insang; ada organ-organ tambahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem peredaran darah(sirkulasi): organnya jantung dan sel-sel darah;mengedarkan oksigen, nutrisi dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem pencernaan: organnya saluran pencernaan dari mulut sampai ke anus<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem saraf : organnya otak dan saraf-saraf tepi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem hormon : kelenjar-kelenjar hormon; untuk pertumbuhan, reproduksi, dan sebagainya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem ekskresi dan osmoregulasi : organnya terutama ginjal<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem reproduksi dan embriologi : organnya gonad jantan dan betina.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><br />
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</div><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b> <div><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <!--[endif]--> <div id="ftn1"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <a href="http://gurungeblog.wordpress.com/2008/11/13/mengenal-vertebrata/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">http://gurungeblog.wordpress.com/2008/11/13/mengenal-vertebrata/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">(12-11-2001)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div></div><div id="ftn2"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="color: black;">http://batman-wwwbatmanymail.blogspot.com/2011/01/laporan-praktikum-ikan-biologi-stkip.html(02-11-2001)</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="ftn3"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><a href="http://www.budisma.web.id/2011/08/21/macam-macam-jenis-struktur-bentuk-morfologi-chordata/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">http://www.budisma.web.id/2011/08/21/macam-macam-jenis-struktur-bentuk-morfologi-chordata/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">(12-11-2011)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div></div><div id="ftn4"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> A. <span style="color: black;">Campbel Neil, B. Reece Jane, G. Mitchell Lawrence. <i>Biologi Edisi Kelima Jilid II. </i>(Jakarta: Erlangga, 2003) hal.254<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div id="ftn5"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <span style="color: black;">Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri. <i>Zoologi Vertebrata.</i> (Palembang: FKIP MIPA UNSRI, 2007),hal.24</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="ftn6"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/32590576/MAKALAH-KELAS-CHONDRICHTHYES"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/32590576/MAKALAH-KELAS-CHONDRICHTHYES</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">(12-11-2011)<span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 13.5pt;"><br />
</div></div><div id="ftn7"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri.<i>Op. Cit.</i>hal.24</span></div></div><div id="ftn8"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Slamet, Adeng dan Madang Kodri.<i>Ibid.</i>hal.30</span></div></div><div id="ftn9"> <div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7960034964331379438#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><a href="http://meitanisyah.wordpress.com/2009/04/07/anatomi-n-fisiologi-ikan/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none;">http://meitanisyah.wordpress.com/2009/04/07/anatomi-n-fisiologi-ikan/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(18-11-2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div>Daryantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18385919738900452541noreply@blogger.com0